Year | Reform |
---|---|
1922 | Sultanate abolished (November 1). |
1923 |
Treaty of Lausanne secured (July 24). Republic of Turkey with capital at Ankara proclaimed (October 29). |
1924 |
Caliphate abolished (March 3). Traditional religious schools closed, seriat abolished. Constitution adopted (April 20). |
1925 |
Dervish brotherhoods abolished. Fez outlawed by the Hat Law (November 25). Veiling of women discouraged; Western clothing for men and women encouraged. Western (Gregorian) calendar adopted. |
1926 |
New civil, commercial, and penal codes based on European models adopted. New civil code ended Islamic polygamy and divorce by renunciation and introduced civil marriage. Millet system ended. |
1927 | First systematic census. |
1928 | New Turkish alphabet (modified Latin form) adopted. State declared secular (April 10); constitutional provision establishing Islam as official religion deleted. |
1933 | Islamic call to worship and public readings of the Kuran (Quran) required to be in Turkish rather than Arabic. |
1934 |
Women given the vote and the right to hold office. Law of Surnames adopted--Mustafa Kemal given the name Kemal Atatürk (Father Turk) by the Grand National Assembly; Ismet Pasha took surname of Inönü. |
1935 |
Sunday adopted as legal weekly holiday. State role in managing economy written into the constitution. |
Data as of January 1995