Highways: In 1990 about 36,700 kilometers of roads, of which 31,800 hard-surface. Generally poorly maintained.
Railroads: 2,090 kilometers of rail line in 1990. Lines connect Baku with Tbilisi, Makhachkala (Daghestan), and Erevan; rail line in Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic goes to Tabriz (Iran). Operating costs high because of poor equipment condition. Service disrupted by Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in early 1990s.
Civil Aviation: Total thirty-three usable airports, twenty-six with permanent-surface runways. Longest runway at Baku International Airport. National airline, Azerbaijan Airlines, founded in 1992.
Inland Waterways: Most rivers not navigable.
Ports: Baku center of Caspian shipping lines to Iran and Turkmenistan.
Pipelines: In 1994 crude oil pipeline 1,130 kilometers, petroleum products pipeline 630 kilometers, and natural gas pipeline 1,240 kilometers.
Telecommunications: In 1991 total telephone lines 644,000 (nine per 100 persons). Connections to CIS countries by cable and microwave. Connections to other countries through Moscow. International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat) station in Baku gives access to 200 countries through Turkey. Turkish and Iranian television stations received through satellite; domestic and Russian broadcasts received locally.
Data as of March 1994