ISRAEL - A Country Study

Country Listing

• ISRAEL
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• COUNTRY PROFILE
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• CHAPTER 1. Historical Setting
  • ANCIENT ISRAEL
  • HELLENISM AND THE ROMAN CONQUEST
  • PALESTINE BETWEEN THE ROMANS AND MODERN TIMES
  • ORIGINS OF ZIONISM
    • Zionist Precursors
    • Political Zionism
    • Cultural Zionism
    • Labor Zionism
    • Revisionist Zionism
  • EVENTS IN PALESTINE, 1908-48
    • Arab Nationalism
    • World War I: Diplomacy and Intrigue
    • The Arab Community During the Mandate
    • The Jewish Community under the Mandate
    • The Palestinian Revolt, 1936-39
    • World War II and Zionism
    • The Holocaust
    • Prelude to Statehood
  • PROBLEMS OF THE NEW STATE, 1948-67
    • Etatism
    • Ingathering of the Exiles
    • Israeli Arabs, Arab Land, and Arab Refugees
    • The Emergence of the IDF
  • 1967 AND AFTERWARD
    • The War of Attrition
    • The October 1973 War
    • The Decline of the Labor Party
    • Oriental Jews
  • THE BEGIN ERA
    • The Peace Process
    • The Occupied Territories
    • Israeli Action in Lebanon, 1978-82
• CHAPTER 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY
    • Topography
    • Climate
  • POPULATION
  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE
    • Varieties of Israeli Judaism
      • Orthodox Judaism
      • Non-Orthodox Judaism
    • The Role of Judaism
      • Judaism, Civil Religion, and the "New Zionism"
      • Religious Institutions
      • The "Who Is a Jew?" Controversy
      • The Orthodox-Secular Cleavage
    • Jewish Ethnic Groups
      • The Ashkenazi-Oriental Distinction
      • The Second Israel
      • Ethnicity and Social Class
    • Minority Groups
      • The Druzes
      • The Arab-Jewish Cleavage
    • Distinctive Social Institutions
      • The Histadrut
      • Kibbutz and Moshav
      • The Ulpan and Merkaz Klita
  • EDUCATION
    • Higher Education
    • Youth Movements and Organizations
  • HEALTH
  • WELFARE
• CHAPTER 3. The Economy
  • OVERVIEW OF THE 1948-72 PERIOD
  • ECONOMIC GROWTH AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE
    • Slowdown of Economic Growth
    • Changes in Investment Patterns
    • Changes in Industrial Structure
    • Changes in Labor Force
  • THE PUBLIC SECTOR
    • Government Budget
    • Provision of Civilian Services
    • Provision of Defense Services
    • Taxation
  • INDUSTRY
    • Electronics
    • Biotechnology
    • Diamonds
    • Chemicals, Rubber, and Plastics
    • Clothing and Textiles
    • Construction
    • Tourism
    • Energy
  • AGRICULTURE
  • FINANCIAL SERVICES
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • BALANCE OF PAYMENTS
  • THE ECONOMIC STABILIZATION PROGRAM OF JULY 1985
• CHAPTER 4. Government and Politics
  • THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK
  • GOVERNMENT
    • The President
    • The Cabinet
    • The Civil Service
    • The Knesset
    • The State Comptroller
    • The Judicial System
    • Local Government
    • Civilian Administration in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
  • NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
    • World Zionist Organization and the Jewish Agency
    • Histadrut
  • POLITICAL FRAMEWORK: ELITE, VALUES, AND ORIENTATIONS
  • MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
    • Alignment Parties
      • Labor Party
      • Mapam
      • Citizens' Rights Movement (CRM)
      • Shinui (Change)
    • The Likud Bloc
    • Religious Parties
      • National Religious Party
      • Agudat Israel
      • Shas
      • Central Religious Camp
    • Right-Wing Ultranationalist Parties
    • Extraparliamentary Religio-Nationalist Movements
    • Arab Parties
    • Interest Groups
  • PROSPECTS FOR ELECTORAL REFORM
  • CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Relations with Middle Eastern States
      • Egypt
      • Jordan
      • Morocco
      • Iran
    • Relations with the United States
    • Relations with the Soviet Union
    • Relations with Eastern Europe
    • Relations with Western Europe
    • Relations with African States
    • Relations with Asian States
    • Relations with Latin America
  • COMMUNICATIONS MEDIA
• CHAPTER 5. National Security
  • SECURITY: A PERSISTENT NATIONAL CONCERN
    • Historical Background
    • War of Independence
    • 1956 War
    • June 1967 War
    • October 1973 War
    • 1982 Invasion of Lebanon
    • The Siege of Beirut and Its Aftermath
  • CONCEPTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
    • Dormant War
    • Extensive Threat
    • Strategic Depth
    • Potential Causes of War
    • Nuclear and Conventional Deterrents
    • Autonomy
  • INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC SECURITY CONCERNS
    • The Arab Military Threat
    • Palestinian Terrorist Groups
    • Jewish Terrorist Organizations
  • THE ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES
    • Command Structure
    • Ground Forces
    • Navy
    • Air Force
    • Nahal
    • Gadna
    • Conscription
    • Women in the IDF
    • Reserve Duty
    • Training
    • Minorities in the IDF
    • Pay and Benefits
    • Rank, Insignia, and Uniforms
    • Awards and Decorations
    • Discipline and Military Justice
  • THE IDF IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES
    • Military Government
    • Palestinian Uprising, December 1987-
  • ARMED FORCES AND SOCIETY
    • Economic Impact
    • The IDF as a Socializing Factor
    • The Military in Political Life
  • DEFENSE PRODUCTION AND SALES
    • Defense Industries
    • Nuclear Weapons Potential
    • Foreign Military Sales and Assistance
  • MILITARY COOPERATION WITH THE UNITED STATES
  • THE ISRAEL POLICE
    • Subordinate Forces
    • Police Reform
  • INTELLIGENCE SERVICES
    • Mossad
    • Aman
    • Shin Bet
    • Lekem
  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE
    • Judicial System
    • Criminal Justice in the Occupied Territories
    • Penal System
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. Tables
  • Appendix B. Political Parties and Organizations
• Bibliography
• Glossary