Bibliography

Chapter 1

Adas, Michael. Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989.

Adas, Michael. "Twentieth Century Approaches to the Indian Mutiny of 1857-58," Journal of Asian History [Wiesbaden], 5, No. 1, 1971, 1-19.

Ahmad, Imtiaz. State and Foreign Policy: India's Role in South Asia. New Delhi: Vikas, 1993.

Ali, M. Athar. "The Mughal Policy--A Critique of Revisionist Approaches," Modern Asian Studies [London], 27, Pt. 4, October 1993, 699-710.

Ali, Tariq. An Indian Dynasty: The Story of the Nehru-Gandhi Family. New York: Putnam, 1985.

Altekar, A.S. Rastrakutas and Their Times. 2d ed., rev. Pune: Oriental Book Agency, 1967.

Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard. The New Cambridge History of India, I.4: Architecture in Mughal India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Ashton, S.R. British Policy Towards the Indian States, 1905-1939. London Studies on South Asia, No. 2. London: Curzon, 1982.

Austin, Granville. The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

Baird, Robert. Religion in Modern India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1981.

Baker, Christopher J. An Indian Rural Economy: The Tamiland Countryside. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

Baker, Christopher J. The Politics of South India, 1920-1937. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Baker, David. "Colonial Beginnings and the Indian Response: The Revolt of 1857-58 in Madhya Pradesh," Modern Asian Studies [London], 25, Pt. 3, July 1991, 511-43.

Bakshi, S.R. Morarji Desai. New Delhi: Amol, 1991.

Banerjee, Hiranmay. The House of the Tagores. 3d ed. Calcutta: Rabiondra Bharati University, 1968.

Barker, A.J. Bastard War: The Mesopotamian Campaign of 1914-1918. New York: Dial, 1967.

Barraclough, Geoffrey, and Geoffrey Parker, eds. The Times Atlas of World History. 4th ed. Maplewood, New Jersey: Hammond, 1993.

Barrier, N. Gerald. India and America: American Publishing on India, 1930-1985. New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1986.

Basham, A.L. The Origin and Development of Classical Hinduism. Ed. and completed by Kenneth G. Zysk. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Basham, A.L. The Wonder That Was India, 1: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before the Coming of the Muslims. 3d ed., rev. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1967.

Basham, A.L., ed. A Cultural History of India. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.

Bayly, C.A. The New Cambridge History of India, II.1: Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Bayly, C.A. Rulers, Townsmen, and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Beach, Milo Cleveland. The New Cambridge History of India, I.3: Mughal and Rajput Painting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Beaumont, Roger. Sword of the Raj: The British Army in India, 1747-1947. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1977.

Begley, Vimala, and Richard Daniel DePuma, eds. Rome and India: The Ancient Sea Trade. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992.

Bhattacharjee, Arun. Rajiv Gandhi: Life and Message. New Delhi: Ashish, 1992.

Blake, Stephen P. Shahjahanabad: The Sovereign City in Mughal India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Bondurant, Joan V. The Conquest of Violence: The Gandhian Philosophy of Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1958.

Bose, Subhas Chandra. Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: Correspondence and Selected Documents, 1930-1942. Ed., Ravindra Kumar. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1992.

Bose, Sugata. The New Cambridge History of India, III.2: Peasant Labour and Colonial Capital: Rural Bengal since 1770. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Brass, Paul R. The New Cambridge History of India, IV.1: The Politics of India since Independence. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Brecher, Michael. Nehru: A Political Biography. London: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Brecher, Michael. The Politics of Succession in India. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1976.

Brown, Judith M. Gandhi and Civil Disobedience. London: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Brown, Judith M. Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Buchanan, R.A. "The Diaspora of British Engineering," Technology and Culture, 27, No. 3. July 1986, 501-24.

Carras, Mary C. Indira Gandhi in the Crucible of Leadership. Boston: Beacon Press, 1979.

Carson, Penelope. "An Imperial Dilemma: The Propagation of Christianity in Early Colonial India," Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History [London], 18, No. 2, 1990, 169-90.

Chanchreek, K.L., and Saroj Prasad, eds. Crisis in India. Delhi: H.K. Publishers, 1993.

Chandra, Bipan. Essays on Contemporary India. New Delhi: Har-Anand, 1993.

Chandra, Bipan. Modern India. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, 1971.

Chandra, Satish. Medieval India: A Textbook for Classes XI-XII. 2 vols. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, 1978.

Chattopadhyaya, B.D. "Origins of the Rajputs: The Political, Economic, and Social Progress in Early Medieval Rajasthan," Indian Historical Review [Delhi], 3, No. 1, March 1976, 59-82.

Chaudhury, K.N. The Trading World of Asia and the English East India Company, 1660-1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.

Chellaney, Brahma. Nuclear Proliferation: The U.S.-Indian Conflict. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1993.

Chopra, Pran, ed. Contemporary Pakistan: New Aims and Images. New Delhi: Vikas, 1983.

Collins, Larry, and Dominique Lapierre. Freedom at Midnight. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1975.

Crawford, S. Cromwell. Ram Mohan Roy. New York: Paragon, 1987.

Cunningham, Joseph Davey. History of the Sikhs, From the Origins of the Nation to the Battles of the Sutlej. Delhi: Sultan Chand, 1955.

Damodaran, A.K., and Bajpai, U.S., eds. Indian Foreign Policy: The Indira Gandhi Years. New Delhi: Radiant, 1990.

Das, Arvind. India Invented. New Delhi: Manohar, 1992.

Das, Kamal Kishore. Economic History of Moghul India: An Annotated Bibliography, 1526-1875. Calcutta: Santiniketan, 1991.

Das, M.N. India under Morley and Minto: Politics Behind Revolution, Repression, and Reforms. London: Allen and Unwin, 1964.

Das, Veena. Mirrors of Violence: Communities, Riots, and Survivors in South Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Dasgupta, A. "Indian Merchants and the Trade in the Indian Ocean." Pages 407-33 in Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1: c.1200-c.1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Datta, V.N. Sati: Widow Burning in India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1990.

Davies, C. Collin. An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula. London: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Derrett, J. Duncan. Religion, Law, and the State in India. London: Faber, 1968.

Desai, Morarji. The Story of My Life. 3 vols. New Delhi: Pergamon, 1979.

Dhanagare, D.N. Peasant Movements in India, 1920-1950. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Digby, Simon. "The Maritime Trade of India." Pages 125-62 in Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1: c.1200-c.1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Dikshit, D.P. Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1980.

Dixit, Prabla. Communalism: A Struggle for Power. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1981.

Doniger, Wendy, trans. Laws of Manu. New York: Penguin, 1992.

Doshi, Saryu, ed. India and Greece. New Delhi: Marg, 1985.

Dunn, Rose E. The Adventures of Ibn Battuta. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

Dutt, Ashok K., and Allen G. Noble. "The Culture of India in a Spatial Perspective: An Introduction." Pages 1-28 in Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt, eds., India: Cultural Patterns and Processes. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1982.

Eaton, Richard M. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies, No. 17. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Eaton, Richard M. Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Eldridge, P.J. The Politics of Foreign Aid in India. New York: Schocken, 1970.

Ellinwood, DeWitt C., and S.P. Pradhan. India and World War I. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978.

Embree, Ainslie T. 1857 in India: Mutiny or War of Independence. Lexington, Massachusetts: Heath, 1963.

Embree, Ainslie T., ed. Alberuni's India. New York: Norton, 1971.

Embree, Ainslie T., ed. Encyclopedia of Asian History. 4 vols. The Asia Society. New York: Scribner's, 1988.

Embree, Ainslie T., ed. Sources of Indian Tradition, 1: From the Beginning to 1800. 2d ed. Introduction to Oriental Civilization Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Erickson, Erik H. Gandhi's Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence. New York: Norton, 1970.

Fairservis, Walter A. The Roots of Ancient India: The Archaeology of Early Indian Civilization. New York: Macmillan, 1971.

Farmer, Edward L., Gavin R.G. Hambly, David Kopf, Byron K. Marshall, and Romeyn Taylor. Comparative History of Civilizations in Asia. 2 vols. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1977.

Featherstone, Donald F. Victorian Colonial Warfare, India: From the Conquest of Sind to the Indian Mutiny. London: Cassell, 1992.

Fischer, Louis. The Life of Mahatma Gandhi. New York: Harper, 1950.

Fisher, Michael. A Clash of Cultures: Awadh, the British, and the Mughals. New Delhi: Manohar, 1987.

Fisher, Michael. Indirect Rule in India: Residents and the Residency System, 1764-1857. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Frykenberg, Robert E. Guntur District 1788-1848: A History of Local Influence and Central Authority in South India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965.

Frykenberg, Robert E. "The Impact of Conversion and Social Reform upon Society in South India During the Late Company Period: Questions Concerning Hindu-Christian Encounters, with Special Reference to Tinnevelly." Pages 187-243 in C.H. Philips and Mary Doreen Wainwright, eds., Indian Society and the Beginnings of Modernization, c. 1830-1850. London: School of Oriental and Arican Studies, 1976.

Gandhi, Mahatma. An Autobiography: The Story of My Experiments with Truth. Trans., Mahadev Desai. Boston: Beacon Press, 1957. Reprint. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993.

Gandhi, Mahatma. Essential Writings of Mahatma Gandhi. Ed., Raghavan Iyer. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Gandhi, Mahatma. The Gandhi Reader: A Sourcebook of His Life and Writings. Ed., Homer A. Jack. Grove Press Eastern Philosophy and Literature Studies. New York: Grove Press, 1961.

Gandhi, Mahatma. Non-Violent Resistance. Comp. and ed., Bharatan Kumanappa. New York: Schocken, 1951.

Ganguly, D.K. Ancient India: History and Archaeology. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1994.

Gascoigne, Bamber. The Great Moghuls. London: Cape, 1971.

Ghose, S.K. Politics of Violence: Dawn of a Dangerous Era. Springfield, Virginia: Nataraj, 1992.

Glazer, Sulochana Raghavan, and Nathan Glazer, eds. Conflicting Images: India and the United States. Glenn Dale, Maryland: Riverdale, 1990.

Goalen, Paul. India: From Mughal Empire to British Raj. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Gokkhale, B.C. "Buddhism in the Gupta Age." Pages 129-56 in Bardwell L. Smith, ed., Essays on Gupta Culture. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Gopal, Sarvepalli. Jawaharlal Nehru: An Anthology. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Gopal, Sarvepalli. Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography. 3 vols. London: Cape, 1975-84.

Gopal, Sarvepalli. Jawaharlal Nehru: A Biography. Abridged ed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Gopal, Sarvepalli, ed. Anatomy of a Confrontation: The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhumi Issue. New Delhi: Viking, 1991.

Goradia, Nayana. Lord Curzon: The Last of the British Moghuls. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Gordon, Stewart. The New Cambridge History of India, II.4: The Marathas, 1600-1818. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Gorman, Mel. "Sir William O'Shaughnessy, Lord Dalhousie, and the Establishment of the Telegraph System in India," Technology and Culture, 12, No. 4, October 1971, 581-601.

Goyal, Shankar. Aspects of Ancient Indian History and Historiography. New Delhi: Harnam, 1993.

Guha, Ranajit, and Gayatri Chakravorty, eds. Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society. 5 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982-87.

Gupte, Pranay. Mother India: A Political Biography of Indira Gandhi. New York: Scribner's, 1992.

Gupte, Pranay. Vengeance: India after the Assassination of Indira Gandhi. New York: Norton, 1985.

Habib, Irfan. The Agrarian System of Mughal India, 1556-1707. New York: Asia, 1963.

Habib, Irfan. An Atlas of the Mughal Empire. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Habib, Irfan. "Mughal India." Pages 214-25 in Tapan Raychaudhuri and Irfan Habib, eds., The Cambridge Economic History of India, 2: c.1200-c.1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Habib, Irfan, ed. Medieval India, 1: Researchers in the History of India, 1200-1750. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Hadi Hussain, Muhammed. Syed Ahmed Khan: Pioneer of Muslim Resurgence. Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1970.

Halbfass, Wilhelm. India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988.

Hamilton, J.R. Alexander the Great. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

Hardgrave, Robert L., Jr., and Stanley A. Kochanek. India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation. 5th ed. Fort Worth, Texas: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993.

Harrison, Mark. "Tropical Medicine in Nineteenth-Century India," British Journal for the History of Science [Cambridge], 25, Pt. 3, No. 86, September 1992, 299-318.

Hart, Henry C., ed. Indira Gandhi's India: A Political System Reappraised. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1976.

Haynes, Douglas E. Rhetoric and Ritual in Colonial India: The Shaping of a Public Culture in Surat City, 1852-1928. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Heinsath, Charles. Indian Nationalism and Hindu Social Reform. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.

Hill, John L., ed. The Congress and Indian Nationalism: Historical Perspectives. Westwood, Massachusetts: Riverdale, 1991.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1992. 60th ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1992.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

Hiro, Dilip. Inside India Today. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1976.

Hirschman, Edwin. White Mutiny: The Ilbert Bill Crisis in India and the Genesis of the Indian National Congress. New Delhi: Heritage, 1980.

Hossain, Hameeda. The Company Weavers of Bengal: The East India Company and the Organization of Textile Production in Bengal, 1750-1813. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Humbers, Philippe. The Rajiv Gandhi Years: Sunshine and Shadows. New Delhi: Vimot, 1992.

Hutchins, Francis. The Illusion of Permanence: British Imperialism in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1967.

Hutchins, Francis. Spontaneous Revolution: The Quit India Movement. New Delhi: Manohar, 1971.

Ilankovatikal. The Cilappatikaram of Ilano Atikal: An Epic of South India. Trans., R. Parthasarathy. Translations from the Asian Classics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.

Inden, Ronald. Imagining India. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Inder Singh, Anita. "Decolonization in India: The Statement of February 20, 1947," International History Review [Toronto], 6, No. 2, May 1984, 191-209.

Inder Singh, Anita. "Imperial Defence and the Transfer of Power in India, 1946-1947," International History Review [Toronto], 4, No. 4, November 1982, 568-88.

India Handbook, 1996. 5th ed. Ed., Robert W. Bradnock. Bath, United Kingdom: Trade and Travel, 1995.

Irschich, Eugene F. Politics and Social Conflict in South India: The Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

Irschich, Eugene F. Tamil Revivalism in the 1930s. New Delhi: Manohar, 1986.

Jain, C.K., ed. Rajiv Gandhi and Parliament. New Delhi: CBS, 1992.

Jain, M.P. Outlines of Indian Legal History. 2d ed. Bombay: Tripathi, 1966.

Jalal, Ayesha. The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Jayakar, Pupul. Indira Gandhi: A Biography. New Delhi: Penguin, 1992.

Jeffery, Roger. "Recognizing India's Doctors: The Institutionalization of Medical Dependency, 1918-39," Modern Asian Studies [London], 13, Pt. 2, April 1979, 302-26.

Jeffrey, Robin, ed. People, Princes, and Paramount Power: Society and Politics in Indian Princely States. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Jones, Kenneth W. Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th Century Punjab. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

Jones, Kenneth W. The New Cambridge History of India, III.1: Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Kandaswamy, S.N. Buddhism as Expounded in Manimekalai (The Jewelled Belt). Annamalainagar: Annamalai University, 1978.

Kapur, Rajiv. Sikh Separatism: The Politics of Faith. New Delhi: Vikas, 1987.

Karashima, Noboru. Towards a New Formation: South Indian Society under Vijayanagar Rule. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Kashvap, Subhash. The Politics of Defection. Delhi: National, 1969.

Keay, John. Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Keay, John. The Honourable Company: A History of the English East India Company. London: Harper Collins, 1991.

Kopf, David. The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Kopf, David. British Orientalism and the Bengal Renaissance: The Dynamics of Indian Modernization, 1773-1835. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969.

Kosambi, D.D. Myth and Reality: Studies in the Formation of Indian Culture. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1962.

Kothari, Rajni. Politics in India. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.

Kreisberg, Paul H. "Gandhi at Midterm," Foreign Affairs, 65, No. 5, Summer 1987, 1055-76.

Krishna Murari. The Calukyas of Kalyani, from circa 973 A.D. to 1200 A.D. Delhi: Concept, 1977.

Kulke, Hermann, ed. The State in India, 1000-1700. Oxford in India Readings, Themes in Indian History. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Kulke, Hermann, and Dietmar Rothermund. A History of India. Rev., updated ed. London: Routledge, 1990.

Kumar, Deepak, ed. Science and Empire: Essays in Indian Context, 1700-1947. Delhi: Anamika Prakashan, 1991.

Kumar, Dharma, and Meghnad Desai, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India, 2: c.1757-c.1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Kumar, Ravinder. The Social History of Modern India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Lelyveld, David. Aligarh's First Generation. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Lewis, Martin D. The British in India: Imperialism or Trusteeship. Lexington, Massachusetts: Heath, 1962.

Lingat, R. The Classical Law of India. Trans., J.D.M. Derrett. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Ludden, David. Peasant History in South India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985.

McLane, John R. Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1977.

MacLeod, Roy M. "Scientific Advice for British India: Imperial Perceptions and Administrative Goals, 1898-1923," Modern Asian Studies [London], 9, Pt. 3, July 1975, 343-84.

Mahajan, Jagmohan. The Raj Landscape: British Views of Indian Cities. New Delhi: Spantech, 1988.

Mahalingam, T.V. Administration and Social Life under Vijayanagar. 2 vols. Madras: University of Madras, 1969-75.

Mahalingam, T.V. Readings in South Indian History. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1977.

Mahalingam, T.V. South Indian Polity. 2d ed., rev. Madras: University of Madras, 1967.

Malik, Hafeez. Sir Sayyid Ahamd Khan and Muslim Modernization in India and Pakistan. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980.

Mansingh, Surjit. Historical Dictionary of India. Asian Historical Dictionaries, No. 20. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 1996.

Marshall, John Hubert. Taxila: An Illustrated Account of the Archaeological Excavations Carried Out at Taxila under the Orders of the Government of India Between the Years, 1913 and 1934. 3 vols. Varanasi: Bhartiya, 1975.

Marshall, P.J. The New Cambridge History of India, II.2: Bengal: The British Bridgehead: Eastern India, 1740-1828. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Marshall, P.J. Problems of Empire: Britain and India, 1757-1813. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1968.

Masani, Zaheer. Indira Gandhi: A Biography. Farmington, New York: Brown, 1976.

Mayer, Adrian C. "Rulership and Divinity: The Case of the Modern Hindu Princes and Beyond," Modern Asian Studies [London], 25, Pt. 4, October 1991, 765-90.

Mehra, Parshotam. A Dictionary of Modern Indian History, 1707-1947. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Mehta, Ved. Portrait of India. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993.

Menezes, S.L. Fidelity and Honour: The Indian Army from the Seventeenth to the Twenty-first Century. New Delhi: Penguin, 1993.

Menon, Vapal Pangunni. The Story of the Integration of the Indian States. Madras: Orient Longman, 1956. Reprint. Madras: Orient Longman, 1985.

Menon, Vapal Pangunni. The Transfer of Power in India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957.

Metcalf, Thomas R. The Aftermath of the Revolt: India, 1857-1870. Princeton: Princeton University, 1964.

Metcalf, Thomas R. An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain's Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.

Metcalf, Thomas R. Modern India: An Interpretive Anthology. London: Macmillan, 1971.

Metcalf, Thomas R. The New Cambridge History of India, IV.3: Ideologies of the Raj. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Michell, George. The New Cambridge History of India, VI.1: Architecture and Art of Southern India: Vijayanagara and the Successor States, 1350-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Miller, Barbara Stoler. "Presidential Address: Contending Narratives--The Political Life of the Indian Epics," Journal of Asian Studies, 50, No. 4, November 1991, 783-92.

Minakshi, C. Administration and Social Life under the Pallavas. Madras: University of Madras, 1977.

Minault, Gail. The Khilafat Movement: Religious Symbolism and Political Mobilization in India. Studies in Oriental Culture, No. 16. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Mishra, Jayashri. Social and Economic Conditions under the Imperial Rashtrakutas. New Delhi: Commonwealth, 1992.

Misra, Satya Swarup. The Aryan Problem: A Linguistic Approach. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1992.

Moon, Penderel. The British Conquest and Dominion of India. London: Duckworth, 1989.

Moon, Penderel. Divide and Quit. London: Chatto and Windus, 1961.

Moore, R.J. Crisis of Indian Unity, 1917-1940. London: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Moraes, Dom. Indira Gandhi. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980.

Moreland, W.H. India at the Death of Akbar, 1: An Economic Study. N.p.: 1920. Reprint. Delhi: Atma Ram, 1962.

Morris-Jones, W.H. The Government and Politics of India. London: Hutchinson, 1971.

Mukhia, Harbans. Perspectives on Medieval History. New Delhi: Vikas, 1993.

Nanda, B.R. The Indo-Greeks. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.

Nanda, B.R. "The Kushana State: A Preliminary Study." Pages 251-74 in Henri J. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, eds., The Study of the State. The Hague: Mouton, 1981.

Nanda, B.R. Mahatma Gandhi. Boston: Beacon Press, 1958.

Nanda, B.R. "Religious Policy and Toleration in Ancient India." Pages 17-52 in Bardwell L. Smith, ed., Essays on Gupta Culture. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Narain, Harsh. The Ayodhya Temple Mosque Dispute. New Delhi: Penman, 1993.

Narashimhan, C.R. Rajagopalachar: A Biography. New Delhi: Radiant, 1993.

Nayar, Kuldip, and Kushwant Singh. Tragedy of Punjab: Operation Bluestar and After. New Delhi: Vision Books, 1984.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Jawaharlal Nehru's Speeches. 5 vols. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1958-68.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru. 2d Series. 16 vols. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Memorial Fund, 1988-92.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Towards Freedom: An Autobiography. New York: Day, 1941.

Nelson, David N. Bibliography of South Asia. Scarecrow Area Bibliographies, No. 4. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1994.

Nilakanta Sastri, Killidaikurchi Aiyah Aiyar. The Colas. 2d ed., rev. University of Madras Historical Series, No. 9. Madras: University of Madras, 1975.

Nilakanta Sastri, Kallidaikurchi Aiyah Aiyar. History of South India from Prehistoric Times to the Fall of Vijayanagar. 4th ed. Madras: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Noble, Allen G., and Ashok K. Dutt, eds. India: Cultural Patterns and Processes. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1982.

Nugent, Nicholas. Rajiv Gandhi: Son of a Dynasty. New Delhi: UBS, 1991.

Page, David. Prelude to Partition: The Indian Muslims and the Imperial System of Control, 1920-1932. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1982.

Pandey, B.N. The Break Up of British India. London: Macmillan, 1969.

Panikkar, K.M. Asia and Western Dominance. 2d ed. New York: Collier, 1969.

Park, Richard L., and Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. India's Political System. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1979.

Patnaik, Naveen. A Second Paradise: Indian Courtly Life, 1590-1947. Garden City, New Jersey: Doubleday, 1985.

Patterson, Maureen L.P., in collaboration with William J. Alspaugh. South Asian Civilizations: A Bibliographic Synthesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Paul, John J. The Legal Profession in Colonial South India. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Paul, John J. "Religion and Medicine in South India: The Scudder Medical Missionaries and the Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore," Fides et Historia, 22, No. 3, Fall 1990, 16-29.

Pearson, M.N. Before Colonialism: Theories of Asian-European Relations, 1500-1750. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Pearson, M.N. The New Cambridge History of India, I.1: The Portuguese in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Piggott, Stuart. Prehistoric India to 1000 B.C. London: Penguin, 1952.

Possehl, Gregory L., ed. The Harappan Civilization. London: Aris and Phillips, 1982.

Possehl, Gregory L., ed. South Asian Archaeology Studies. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Powell, Avril Ann. Muslims and Missionaries in Pre-Mutiny India. London: Curzon, 1993.

Prasad, Rajeshwar. Days with Lal Bahadur Shastri. New Delhi: Allied, 1991.

Qureshi, I.H. The Muslim Community of the Indo-Pakistan Subcontinent, 1610-1947. The Hague: Mouton, 1962.

Ramusack, Barbara N. The Princes of India in the Twilight of Empire: Dissolution of a Patron-Client System, 1914-1939. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1978.

Rangarajan, L.N., trans. and ed. Kautilya: The Arthasastra. New York: Penguin, 1992.

Raychaudhuri, Tapan, and Irfan Habib, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1: c.1200-c.1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.

Richards, J.F. "The Islamic Frontier in the East: Expansion into South Asia," South Asia [Nedlands, Australia], No. 4, October 1974, 91-109.

Richards, John F. The New Cambridge History of India, II.5: The Mughal Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Rizvi, S.A.A. The Wonder That Was India, 2: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent from the Coming of the Muslims to the British Conquest, 1200-1700. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1987.

Robb, Peter G. The Evolution of British Policy Towards Indian Politics, 1880-1920. Westwood, Massachusetts: Riverdale, 1992.

Robinson, Francis. Separatism among Indian Muslims: The Politics of the United Provinces' Muslims, 1860-1932. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Roy, Asim. "The Politics of India's Partition: The Revisionist Perspective," Modern Asian Studies [London], 24, Pt. 2, April 1990, 385-415.

Rudner, David W. Caste and Colonialism in Colonial India: The Nattukkottai Chettiars. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Rustomji, Nari. Imperilled Frontiers: India's North-Eastern Borderlands. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Sahasrabuddhe, P.G., and Manik Chandra Vajpayee. The People Versus Emergency: A Saga of Struggle. Trans., Sudhakar Raje. New Delhi: Suruchi Prakashan, 1991.

Saksena, N.S. India: Towards Anarchy, 1967-1992. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1993.

Sangwan, Satpal. "Science Education in India under Colonial Constraints, 1792-1857," Oxford Review of Education [Oxford], 16, No. 1, 1990, 81-95.

Sangwan, Satpal. Science, Technology, and Colonisation: An Indian Experience, 1757-1857. New Delhi: Anmika Prakashan, 1991.

Sankaia, H.D. Aspects of Indian History and Archeology. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1977.

SarDesai, D.R., and Anand Mohan, eds. The Legacy of Nehru: A Centennial Assessment. New Delhi: Promilla, 1992.

Sarkar, Jadhunath. Fall of the Mughal Empire. 4 vols. Bombay: Orient Longman, 1964-72.

Sarkar, Sumit. Modern India, 1885-1947. Delhi: Macmillan, 1983.

Schuhmacher, Stephan, and Gert Woerner, eds. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambhala, 1989.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E., ed. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 2d impression. Reference Series of Association for Asian Studies, No. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Seal, Anil. The Emergence of Indian Nationalism: Competition and Collaboration in the Late Nineteenth Century. London: Cambridge University Press, 1968.

Sen Gupta, Bhabani. Communism in Indian Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.

Sen, S.P., ed. Dictionary of National Biography. 4 vols. Calcutta: Institute of Historical Studies, 1975.

Sen, S.P., ed. Sources of the History of India. Calcutta: Institute of Historical Studies, 1978.

Seshan, N.K. With Three Prime Ministers: Nehru, Indira, and Rajiv. New Delhi: Wiley-Eastern, 1993.

Sewell, Robert. A Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar. London: Sonnenschein, 1900.

Sharma, Kususm. Ambedkar and Indian Constitution. New Delhi: Ashish, 1992.

Sharma, Ram Sharman. Ancient India. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, 1977.

Sharma, Ram Sharman. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India. 2d ed. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1968.

Sharma, Ram Sharman. Indian Feudalism: c. 300-1200. Calcutta: University of Calcutta Press, 1965.

Sharma, Ram Sharman. Light on Early Indian Society and Economy. Bombay: Manaktalas, 1966.

Sharma, Ram Sharman, ed. Land Revenue in Ancient India: Historical Studies. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1971.

Sharma, Ramesh Chandra, Atul Kumar Singh, Sugam Anand, Gyaneshwar Chaturvedi, and Jayati Chaturvedi. Historiography and Historians in India since Independence. Agra: M.G. Publishers, 1991.

Shourie, Arun. Indian Controversies: Essays on Religion in Politics. New Delhi: Manohar, 1993.

Shourie, Arun. Symptoms of Fascism. New Delhi: Vikas, 1978.

Singh, Birendra Kumar. Early Chalukyas of Vatapi, circa A.D. 500 to 757. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 1991.

Singh, Gopal. A History of the Sikh People, 1469-1978. New Delhi: World Sikh University Press, 1979.

Singh, Harbans. The Heritage of the Sikhs. Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books, 1983.

Singh, Mahendra Prasad, ed. Lok Sabha Elections 1989: Indian Politics in 1990's. New Delhi: Kalinga, 1992.

Singh, Patwant, and Harji Malik, eds. Punjab: The Fatal Miscalculation. New Delhi: Patwant Singh, 1985.

Singh, Surinder Nihal. Rocky Road of Indian Democracy: Nehru to Narasimha Rao. New Delhi: Sterling, 1993.

Sisson, Richard, and Stanley Wolpert, eds. Congress and Indian Nationalism: The Pre-Independence Phase. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Sitaramayya, B. Pattabhi. History of the Indian National Congress. 2 vols. Bombay: Padma, 1947.

Smith, Bardwell L., ed. Essays on Gupta Culture. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Smith, Donald E. India as a Secular State. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963.

Smith, Vincent, ed. The Oxford History of India. 4th ed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981.

South Asian Handbook: India and the Indian Sub-Continent, 1993. 2d ed. Ed., Robert W. Bradnock. Bath, United Kingdom: Trade and Travel, 1992.

Spate, O.H.K., A.T.A. Learmonth, A.M. Learmonth, and B.H. Farmer. India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography with a Chapter on Ceylon. 3d ed., rev. London: Methuen, 1967.

Spear, Thomas George Percival. A History of India, 2. Baltimore: Penguin, 1965.

Spear, Thomas George Percival, ed. The Oxford History of Modern India, 1740-1975. 2d ed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Spencer, George W. "The Politics of Plunder: The Cholas in Eleventh Century Ceylon," Journal of Asian Studies, 35, No. 3, August 1976, 405-19.

Srivastava, Ramesh Chandra. Judicial System in India. Lucknow: Print House (India), 1992.

Stein, Burton. The New Cambridge History of India, I. 2: Vijayanagara. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Stein, Burton, ed. Essays on South India. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1975.

Stein, Burton, ed. Peasant, State, and Society in Medieval South India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Stein, Burton, ed. Thomas Munro: The Origins of the Colonial State and His Vision of Empire. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Stern, Robert W. Changing India: Bourgeois Revolution on the Subcontinent. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Political Economy of Commerce: Southern India, 1500-1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Subramaniam, Chitra. Bofors: The Story Behind the News. New Delhi: Viking, 1993.

Tahseen, Rana. Education and Modernisation of Muslims in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1993.

Talwar, S.N. Under the Banyan Tree: The Communist Movement in India, 1920-1964. New Delhi: Allied, 1985.

Tambiah, Stanley J. "Presidential Address: Reflections on Communal Violence in South Asia," Journal of Asian Studies, 49, No. 4, November 1990, 741-60.

Tandon, Prakash. Punjabi Century, 1857-1947. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.

Tarn, W.W. The Greeks in Bactria and India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.

Taylor, Jay. The Dragon and the Wild Goose: China and India, with New Epilogue. New York: Praeger, 1991.

Taylor, P.J.O. Chronicles of the Mutiny and Other Historical Sketches. New Delhi: Indus, 1992.

Thapar, Romesh. These Troubled Times. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1986.

Thapar, Romila. Ashoka and the Decline of the Mauryas. London: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Thapar, Romila. From Lineage to State: Social Formations in the Mid-First Millennium B.C. in the Ganga Valley. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Thapar, Romila. A History of India, 1. Baltimore: Penguin, 1965.

Thapar, Romila. Indian Tales. New Delhi: Puffin Books, 1991.

Thapar, Romila. Interpreting Early India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Thapar, Romila. "The State as Empire." Pages 409-28 in Henry J. Claessen and Peter Skalnik, eds., The Study of the State. The Hague: Mouton, 1981.

Thompson, Edward. The Making of the Indian Princes. London: Oxford University Press, 1943. Reprint. Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books, 1980.

Thurston, Edgar. Caste and Tribes of Southern India. 7 vols. Madras: Government Press, 1909.

Tolkappiyar. Tolkappiam. Trans., E.S. Varadaraja Iyer. 2d ed. Annamalainagar: Annamalai University, 1987.

Tomlinson, B.R. The New Cambridge History of India, III.3: The Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Trautmann, Thomas R. Dravidian Kinship. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Trautmann, Thomas R. Kautilya and the Arthasastra: A Statistical Study. Leiden: Brill, 1971.

Trevelyan, Raleigh. The Golden Oriole: A 200-year History of an English Family in India. A Touchstone Book. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

Tully, Mark. India: Forty Years of Independence. New York: Braziller, 1988.

Tully, Mark, and Satish Jacob. Amritsar: Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle. London: Cape, 1985.

United Nations. Legal Department. Statement of Treaties and International Agreements Registered or Filed and Recorded with the Secretariat, 548. New York: 1965.

United Nations. Legal Department. Statement of Treaties and International Agreements Registered or Filed and Recorded with the Secretariat, 560. New York: 1966.

Venkataramanayya, N. The Eastern Calukyas of Vengi. Madras: Vedam Venkataray Sastry, 1950.

Vincent, Rose, ed. The French in India: From Diamond Traders to Sanskrit Scholars. Trans., Latika Padgaonkar. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1990.

Washbrook, David A. The Emergence of Provincial Politics: The Madras Presidency, 1870-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Washbrook, David A. "South Asia, The World System, and World Capitalism," Journal of Asian Studies, 49, No. 3, August 1990, 479-508.

Wheeler, Robert Eric Mortimer. Civilization of the Indus Valley and Beyond. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1966.

Wheeler, Robert Eric Mortimer. Early India and Pakistan: To Ashoka. Rev. ed. Ancient Peoples and Places, No. 12. New York: Praeger, 1968.

Who Are the Guilty? Report of a Joint Inquiry into the Causes and Impact of the Riots in Delhi from 31 October to 10 November, 1984. 2d ed. New Delhi: People's Union for Democratic Rights and People's Union for Civil Liberties, 1984.

Wink, André. Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries. 2d. ed., rev. Leiden: Brill, 1991.

Wolpert, Stanley. India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Wolpert, Stanley. Jinnah of Pakistan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Wolpert, Stanley. Nehru: A Tryst with Destiny. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Wolpert, Stanley. Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1962. Reprint. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Woodruff, Philip (pseud.). The Men Who Ruled India, 2: The Founders. London: Cape, 1963.

Zimmer, Heinrich. The Art of Indian Asia. New York: Pantheon, 1955.

Chapter 2

Aggarwal, J.C. Census of India, 1991: Historical and World Perspective. New Delhi: Sultan Chand, 1991.

Aggarwal, J.C. National Policy on Education: Agenda for India 2001. New Delhi: Concept, 1989.

Aggarwal, J.C., and Sarita Aggarwal. Education in India: A Comparative Study of States and Union Territories. New Delhi: Concept, 1990.

Association of Commonwealth Universities. Commonwealth Universities Yearbook, 1990, 3. London: 1990.

Baxi, Upendra, and Bhikhu Parekh, eds. Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, New Delhi, 1995.

Bhambhri, C.P. "Constitutional, Educational, and Inherited Social Imbalances." Pages 1-9 in Sheel C. Nuna, ed., Regional Disparity in Educational Development. New Delhi: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, 1993.

Blaustein, Albert P., ed. "India Supplement," Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, April 1989.

Blaustein, Albert P., and Gisbert Flanz, eds. "India," Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, October 1990.

Bos, Eduard, Patience W. Stephens, My T. Vu, and Rodolfo A. Bulatao. Asia Region Population Projections, 1990-91 Edition. Working Paper Series, No. 599. Washington: Population and Human Resources Department, World Bank, February 1991.

Bos, Eduard, My T. Vu, Ann Levin, and Rodolfo A. Bulatao. World Population Projections, 1992-93 Edition. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992, for the World Bank.

Bose, Ashish. India's Urban Population. 1991 Census Data: States, Districts, Cities, and Towns. New Delhi: Wheeler, 1994.

Bose, Ashish. Population of India: 1991 Census Results and Methodology. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1991.

Caldwell, John C., Pat Caldwell, and P.H. Reddy. The Causes of Demographic Change: Experimental Research in South Asia. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.

Central Board for the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution. River Basin Atlas of India. Calcutta: Center for Study of Man and Environment, Department of Geology, President College, 1985.

Chapman, Graham P. "Change in the South Asian Core: Patterns of Growth and Stagnation in India." Pages 10-43 in Graham P. Chapman and Kathleen M. Baker, eds., The Changing Geography of Asia.London: Routledge, 1992.

Durvasula, Ramesh. "Occupational Health Information Systems in India." Pages 103-34 in Michael R. Reich and Toshiteru Okubo, eds., Protecting Workers' Health in the Third World: National and International Strategies. 4th Takemi Symposium on International Health, 1990. New York: Auburn House, 1992.

Dwivedi, O.P., and Renu Khator. "India's Environmental Policy, Programs, and Politics." Pages 47-69 in O.P. Dwivedi and Dhirendra K. Vajpeyi, eds., Environmental Policies of the Third World: A Comparative Analysis. Contributions in Political Science, No. 350. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1995.

Eaton, David J., ed. The Ganges-Brahmaputra Basin: Water Resource Cooperation Between Nepal, India, and Bangladesh. Austin: Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, 1992.

Fisher, William C., ed. Working Toward Sustainable Development: The Narmada Dam Project. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1994.

Gadgil, Madhav, and Ramachandra Guha. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Ghosh, Suresh Chandra. Education Policy in India since Warren Hastings. Calcutta: Naya Prokash, 1989.

Gillespie, Stuart, and Geraldine McNeill. Food, Health, and Survival in India and Developing Countries. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Griffin, Charles C. Health Care in Asia: A Comparative Study of Cost and Financing. World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies. Washington: World Bank, 1992.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1992. 60th ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1992.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

India. Meteorological Department. Climatological Atlas of India. New Delhi: 1981.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals: Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1992. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1992, 1. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1992, 2. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Provisional Population Totals: Workers and Their Distribution, Series-1, Paper-3 of 1991. New Delhi: November 1991.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Provisional Population Totals, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1991. New Delhi: March 1991.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Provisional Population Totals: Rural-Urban Distribution, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1991. New Delhi: August 1991.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Religion, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1995. New Delhi: January 1995.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India: A Reference Annual, 1988-89. New Delhi: December 1989.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1992: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: February 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1993: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: January 1994.

India. Ministry of Planning. Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Abstract 1990, India. New Delhi: 1990.

India. Ministry of Planning. Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Pocket Book, 1990. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Ministry of Planning, Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Pocket Book, 1991. New Delhi: 1992.

"India." Pages 294-356 in The Far East and Australasia, 1995. 26th ed. London: Europa, 1995.

Jeffery, Roger. The Politics of Health in India. Comparative Studies of Health Systems and Medical Care, No. 21. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988.

Kaifi, Abdul Khaliq. Socio-Economic Determinants of Health Systems in India under the Aspect of Colonial Structures. Frankfurt: R.G. Fischer Verlag, 1991.

Katiyar, V.S. The Indian Monsoon and Its Frontiers. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1990.

Kohli, Shanta. Family Planning in India: A Descriptive Analysis. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration, 1977.

Kuriyan, George. India: A General Survey. New Delhi: National Book Trust, India, 1990.

Ledbetter, Rosanna. "Thirty Years of Family Planning in India," Asian Survey, 24, No. 7, July 1984, 736-58.

Livernash, Robert. "The Future of Populous Economies: China and India Shape Their Destinies," Environment, 37, No. 6, July-August 1995, 6-11, 25-34.

Mamoria, C.B. Geography of India. Agra: Shiva Lal Agarwala, 1975.

Mathur, V.S. Studies in Indian Education. New Delhi: Arya Book Depot, 1968.

Mehta, Jayshree P. "The Health Scenario in India." Pages 280-94 in Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Misra, Bhaskar D., Ali Ashraf, Ruth S. Simmons, and George B. Simmons. Organization for Change: A Systems Analysis of Family Planning in Rural India. New Delhi: Family Planning Association,1982.

Mukherjee, Dilip. "The Struggle for Literacy in Asia," UNESCO Features [Paris], No. 764, 1981, 20-23.

Mukherjee, Sudhansu Bhusan. The Age Distribution of the Indian Population: A Reconstruction for the States and Territories, 1881-1961. Honolulu: East-West Population Institute, East-West Center, 1976.

Mundle, Sudipto. "Recent Trends in the Condition of Children in India: A Statistical Profile," World Development [London], 12, No. 3, 1984, 297-308.

Muthiah, S., ed. A Social and Economic Atlas of India. Oxford: Oxford, University Press, 1987.

Narayana, G., and Kantner, J.F. Doing the Needful: The Dilemma of India's Population Policy. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

National Council of Educational Research and Training. Fifth All-India Educational Survey. 2 vols. New Delhi: March 1992.

National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration. Education for All by 2000: Indian Perspective. New Delhi: March 1990.

Ngapal, Smita. "Demographic Situation in India in 1991," Asian Profile [Hong Kong], 22, No. 2, April 1994, 161-74.

Parry, Clive, ed. and annotator. The Consolidated Treaty Series, 220: 1914-1915. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, 1980.

Platt, Raye R., ed. India: A Compendium. New York: American Geographical Society, 1962.

Population Reference Bureau. 1992 World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau, Inc.: Demographic Data and Estimates for Countries and Regions of the World. Washington: 1992.

Pravin, Anand, and Albert P. Blaustein, eds. "India Supplement," Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, January 1992.

Premi, Mahendra K. India's Population: Heading Towards a Billion. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1991.

Prescott, John Robert Victor. Map of Mainland Asia by Treaty. Carlton: Melbourne University Press, 1975.

Raina, B.L. Population Policy. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1988.

Ramakrishna, Rao D.V.L.N., and R.C. Sharma, eds. India's Borders, Ecology, and Security Perspectives. New Delhi: Scholars' Publishing Forum, 1991.

Reich, Michael R., and Toshiteru Okuba, eds. Protecting Workers' Health in the Third World: National and International Strategies. New York: Auburn House, 1992.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Rouyer, Alwyn R. "The Political System and the Determinants of Family Planning Program Performance and Fertility Decline in India." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C., September 1984.

Roy, S. Guha. "Demographic Trends in China and India," China Report [New Delhi], 30, No. 1, January-March 1994, 1-18.

Saroj Prashant. Drug Abuse and Society. New Delhi: Ashish, 1993.

Scalisi, Philip, and David Cook. Classic Mineral Localities of the World: Asia and Australia. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. "An American Perspective II," Asian Affairs, 22, No. 1, Spring 1995, 71-87.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E., ed. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 2d impression. Reference Series of Association for Asian Studies, No. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Singh, Gopal. A Geography of India. Delhi: Atma Ram, 1976.

Singhvi, A.K., and Amal Kar, eds. Thar Desert in Rajasthan: Land, Man, and Environment. Bangalore: Geological Society of India, 1991.

Tan, Jee-pang, and Alain Mingat. Education in Asia: A Comparative Study of Cost and Financing. World Bank Regional and Sectoral Studies. Washington: World Bank, 1992.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1988-89. 16th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1988.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1992-93. 20th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1992.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1994-95. 21st ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1994.

Tirtha, Ranjit, and Gopal Krishan. Emerging India: A Geographical Introduction. 2d ed. Ann Arbor: Conpub, 1992.

Tyagi, P.N. Education for All: A Graphic Presentation. New Delhi: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, August 1991.

United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. 1990 Demographic Yearbook. 42d ed. New York: 1992.

United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. World Population Monitoring 1991: With Special Emphasis on Age Structure. Population Studies, No. 126. ST/ESA/SER.A/126. New York: 1992.

United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Population Division. "1993 ESCAP Population Data Sheet." Bangkok: 1993.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. National Studies: India. Asia-Pacific Program of Education for All Series. Bangkok: 1991.

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Simultaneous Education for Women and Girls: Report of a Project. Asia-Pacific Program of Education for All Series. Bangkok: 1989.

United States. Bureau of the Census. World Population Profile: 1994. Washington: February 1994.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Handbook of International Economic Statistics. CPAS 94-1001. Washington: September 1994.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook, 1995. Washington: 1995.

United States. Congress. 102d, 1st Session. House of Representatives. International AIDS Task Force. Report to the Speaker of the House of Representatives: The AIDS Epidemic in Asia. Washington: GPO, 1991.

United States. Department of Commerce. Economics and Statistics Administration. Bureau of the Census. "Global Aging: Comparative Indicators and Future Trends." (Chart) Washington: September 1991.

United States. Department of Commerce. Economics and Statistics Administration. Bureau of the Census. World Demographic Data: 1994. WP/94-DD. Washington: February 1994.

United States. Department of Commerce. Economics and Statistics Administration. Bureau of the Census. World Population Profile: 1994. Comps., Ellen Jamison and Frank Hobbs. WP/94. Washington: February 1994.

United States. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1993. Report submitted to United States Congress, 103d, 2d Session, House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Washington: GPO, February 1994.

Uplekar, Mukund. "Private Doctors and Occupational Health in India." Pages 134-54 in Michael R. Reich and Toshiteru Okubo, eds., Protecting Workers' Health in the Third World: National and International Strategies. 4th Takemi Symposium on International Health, 1990. New York: Auburn House, 1992.

Verghese, B.G. Integrated Water Resources Development and Regional Cooperation Within the Himalayan-Ganga-Brahmaputra-Barak Basin. New Delhi: Oxford University Press and IBH, 1990.

Verghese, B.G., and Ramaswamy R. Iyer, eds. Harnessing the Eastern Himalayan Rivers: Regional Cooperation in South Asia. New Delhi: Centre for Policy Research, 1993.

Vittal Rao, Y. Education and Learning in Andhra under the East India Company. Secunderabad: M. Vidyaranya Swamy, 1979.

Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

World Bank. Population and Human Resources Division. South Asia Country Department II. India: Policy and Finance Strategies for Strengthening Primary Health Care Services. Report No. 10342-IN. Washington: May 15, 1995.

The World of Learning, 1995. 45th ed. London: Europa, 1994.

"World Population Data Sheet of the Population Reference Bureau, Inc." Washington: 1992.

Yadava, Surendar S., and James G. Chadney. "Female Education, Modernity, and Fertility in India," Journal of Asian and Africa Studies [Leiden], 29, Nos. 1-2, January-April 1994, 110-19.

Zachariah, Matthew. "The Durability of Academic Secondary Education in India," Comparative Education Review, 14, No. 2, June 1970, 152-61.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 1993; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1993-94; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia ,1993-94; Man and Development [Chandigarh], 1993; Nature , 1993; New Scientist [London], 1991; New York Times , 1994; and Washington Post , 1994.)

Chapter 3

Agrawal, S.P., and J.C. Aggarwal, eds. Information India: 1991-92, Global View. Concepts in Communication, Informatics, and Librarianship, No. 47. New Delhi: Concept, 1993.

Agwani, Mohammed S. "God's Government: Jama'at-i-Islami of India." Pages 259-77 in Hussin Mutalib and Taj ul-Islam Hashmi, eds., Islam, Muslims, and the Modern State: Case Studies of Muslims in Thirteen Countries. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Agwani, Mohammed S. Islamic Fundamentalism in India. Chandigarh: Twenty-First Century India Society, 1986.

Ahir, D.C. Buddhism in Modern India. Delhi: Sri Satguru, 1991.

Ahmad, Aijuzuddin. Muslims in India: Their Educational, Demographic, and Socio-Economic Status with Inter-Community Comparisons Based on Field Survey Conducted in 1991. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1993.

Alston, A.J. The Devotional Poems of Mirabai. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1980.

Anand, Balwant Singh. Guru Tegh Bahadur: A Biography. New Delhi: Sterling, 1979.

Andersen, Walter K., and Shridhar D. Damle. The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

Aprem, Mar. Indian Christian Directory. Bangalore: Bangalore Parish Church of the East, 1984.

Babb, Lawrence A. The Divine Hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in Central India. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.

Babb, Lawrence A. Redemptive Encounters: Three Modern Styles in Hindu Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.

Banu, Zenab. Politics of Communalism. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1989.

Basham, A.L. The Origin and Development of Classical Hinduism. Ed. and completed by Kenneth G. Zysk. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Baxi, Upendra, and Bhikhu Parekh, eds. Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, New Delhi, 1995.

Bharati, Agehananda. The Ochre Robe. London: Allen and Unwin, 1961.

Bharati, Agehananda. The Tantric Tradition. London: Rider, 1965.

Bhardwaj, Surinder Mohan. Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India: A Study in Cultural Geography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Bhargava, Rajeev. "Religious and Secular Identities." Pages 317-49 in Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Bloomfield, Maurice, ed. and trans. Hymns of the Atharva-Veda. London: Clarendon Press, 1897. Reprint. London: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Brandt, Michael. "A New Hindu Goddess," Hemisphere [Woden, Australia], 26, No. 6, May-June 1982, 380-84.

Brockington, J.L. The Sacred Thread: Hinduism in Its Continuity and Diversity. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981.

Caplan, Lionel. Class and Culture in Urban India: Fundamentalism in a Christian Community. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Carrithers, Michael, and Caroline Humphrey, eds. The Assembly of Listeners: Jains in Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Catholic Bishops' Conference of India. The Catholic Directory of India, 1990. New Delhi: 1990.

Cenkner, William. A Tradition of Teachers: Sankara and the Jagadgurus Today. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.

Champakalakshmi, R. Vaisnava Iconography in the Tamil Country. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1981.

Chopra, V.D., R.K. Mishra, and Nirmal Singh. Agony of Punjab. New Delhi: Patriot, 1984.

Cole, W. Owen, and Piara Singh Sambhi. The Sikhs: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.

Contursi, Janet A. "Political Theology: Text and Practice in a Dalit Panther Community," Journal of Asian Studies, 52, No. 2, May 1993, 320-39.

Courtright, Paul. Ganesa: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Das, Veena. "Shakti Versus Sati: A Reading of the Santoshi Ma Cult," Manushi [Delhi], No. 49, November-December 1988, 26-30.

Davids, Thomas William Rhys, trans. Buddhist Suttas. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1881. Reprint. Sacred Books of the East, No. 11. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1965.

Davis, Richard H. "Indian Art Objects As Loot," Journal of Asian Studies, 52, No. 1, February 1993, 22-48.

Desai, Kalpana S. Iconography of Visnu. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1973.

Dimmitt, Cornelle, and J.A. van Buttenen, ed. and trans. Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1978.

Doniger, Wendy. Textual Sources for the Study of Hinduism. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1988.

Downs, Frederick S. Christianity in North East India. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1983.

Dundas, Paul. The Jains. Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Dutt, Sukumar. Buddhist Monks and Monasteries of India. London: Allen and Unwin, 1962.

Eaton, Richard M. The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204-1760. Comparative Studies on Muslim Societies, No. 17. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Eaton, Richard M. Sufis of Bijapur, 1300-1700: Social Roles of Sufis in Medieval India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Eck, Diana. Banares: City of Light. New York: Knopf, 1982.

Embree, Ainslie T. Utopias in Conflict: Religion and Nationalism in Modern India. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Engineer, Ashgar Ali, ed. Communal Riots in Post-Independence India. Hyderabad: Sangam, 1984.

Foster, Georgana M. "A Popular North Indian Pilgrimage Site: The Shrine of Vaishno Devi in Jammu." Paper presented at the Conference on Pilgrimage, Pittsburgh, May 1991.

Frith, Nigel. The Legend of Krishna. New York: Schocken Books, 1976.

Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von. Tribal Populations and Cultures of the Indian Subcontinent. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung, Indien; 7. Bd. Leiden: Brill, 1985.

Fuller, Christopher J. Servants of the Goddess: The Priests of a South Indian Temple. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Gibb, H.A.R., and J.H. Kramers, eds. Shorter Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1974.

Goldman, Robert P., trans. The Ramayana of Valmiki: An Epic of Ancient India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.

Gonda, Jan. Aspects of Early Visnuism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1969.

Gopal, Sarvepalli, ed. Anatomy of a Confrontation: The Babri Masjid-Ramjanmabhumi Issue. New Delhi: Viking, 1991.

Grewel, J.S. The New Cambridge History of India, II.3: The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Gupta, Giri Raj, ed. Religion in Modern India. Main Currents in Indian Sociology, No. 5. New Delhi: Vikas, 1983.

Gupta, Sanjukta, Dirk Jan Hoens, and Teun Goudrianan. Hindu Tantrism. Leiden: Brill, 1979.

Hanson, James A. India: Recent Developments and Medium-Term Issues. A World Bank Country Study. Washington: World Bank, 1989.

Harman, William. The Sacred Marriage of a Hindu Goddess. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1989.

Harvey, Peter. An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History, and Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Hasnain, Nadeem, and Sheikh Abrar Husain. Shias and Shia Islam in India: A Study in Society and Culture. New Delhi: Harnam, 1988.

Hawley, John Stratton. Krishna, the Butter Thief. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Hawley, John Stratton. Songs of the Saints of India. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Hay, Stephen, ed. Sources of Indian Tradition, 2: Modern India and Pakistan. 2d ed. Introduction to Oriental Civilizations. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Hembram, P.C. Sari-Sarna (Santhal Religion). Delhi: Mittal, 1988.

Hiltebeitel, Alf. Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardians of Popular Hinduism. Albany: State University of New York, 1989.

Hiltebeitel, Alf. The Cult of Draupadi. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Hiltebeitel, Alf. The Ritual of Battle: Krishna in the Mahabharata. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarker. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

Hluna, John V. Church and Political Upheaval in Mizoram: A Study of the Impact of Christianity on the Political Development in Mizoram. Aisawl: Mizo History Association, 1985.

Hopkins, Thomas J. The Hindu Religious Tradition. Encino, California: Dickenson, 1971.

Hume, Robert Ernest, trans. The Thirteen Principle Upanishads. 2d ed., rev. London: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Huntington, Susan L. The Arts of Ancient India: Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain. New York: Weatherhill, 1985.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Religion, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1995, New Delhi: January 1995.

Isenberg, Shirley Berry. India's Bene-Israel: A Comprehensive Inquiry and Sourcebook. Berkeley: Judah L. Magnes Museum, 1988.

Israel, Benjamin J. The Bene-Israel of India: Some Studies. Bombay: Orient Longman, 1984.

Israel, Benjamin J. The Jews of India. New Delhi: Centre for Jewish and Inter-Faith Studies, Jewish Welfare Association, 1982.

Jackson, Paul, ed. The Muslims of India: Beliefs and Practices. Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 1988.

Jain, Satish Kumar, and Kamal Chand Sognai. Perspectives on Jain Philosophy and Culture. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1985.

Jaini, Padmanabh S. The Jaina Path of Purification. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Jayatilleke, Kulatissa Nanda. The Message of the Buddha. New York: Free Press, 1974.

Jha, Prem Shankar. India: A Political Economy of Stagnation. Bombay, Oxford University Press, 1980.

Keith, Arthur Berriedale. The Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanishads. 2 vols. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1925. Reprint. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, 1971.

Khare, Ravindra S. The Hindu Hearth and Home. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic, 1976.

Kinsley, David R. Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Kinsley, David R. Hinduism: A Cultural Perspective. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1982.

Kinsley, David R. The Sword and the Flute: Kali and Krsna, Dark Visions of the Terrible and the Sublime in Hindu Mythology. Hermeneutic Studies in the History of Religion, No. 3. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Knipe, David M. Hinduism: Experiments in the Sacred. San Francisco: Harper, 1991.

Kramrisch, Stella. Manifestations of Shiva. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1981.

Kulke, Eckehard. The Parsees in India: A Minority as Agent of Social Change. Munich: Weltforum Verlag, 1974.

Kumar, Akhilesh. Communal Riots in India: Study of Social and Economic Aspects. New Delhi: Commonwealth, 1991.

LaMotte, Étienne. History of Indian Buddhism: From the Origins to the Saka Era. Trans., Sara Wenn-Boin. Publications de l'institut orientaliste de Louvain, No. 36. Louvain-la-Neuve: Institut orientaliste, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1988.

Ling, Trevor. Buddhist Revival in India: Aspects of the Sociology of Buddhism. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980.

McLeod, W.H. The Evolution of the Sikh Community. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1975.

McLeod, W.H. Guru Nanak and the Sikh Religion. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968.

McLeod, W.H. The Sikhs: History, Religion, and Society. New York: Columbia University Press, 1989.

Madan, T.N. "Whither Indian Secularism?" Modern Asian Studies [London], 27, Pt. 3, July 1993, 667-97.

Mallik, Madhusudan. Introduction to Parsee Religion, Customs, and Ceremonies. Santiniketan: Visva-Bharati Research Publications Committee, 1980.

Mann, R.S., and Vijoy S. Sahay. Nature-Man-Spirit Complex in Tribal India. New Delhi: Concept, 1982.

Metcalf, Barbara D. "Presidential Address: Too Little Too Much: Reflections on Muslims in the History of India," Journal of Asian Studies, 54, No. 4, November 1995, 951-67.

Miller, Barbara Stoler, trans. The Bhagavad-Gita: Krishna's Counsel in Time of War. New York: Bantam, 1986.

Michell, George. The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to Its Meaning and Forms. New Delhi: B.I. Publications, 1977.

Mokashi, D.B. Palkhi: An Indian Pilgrimage. Trans., Philip C. Engblom and Eleanor Zelliot. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987.

Mujib, Muhammad. The Indian Muslims. Montreal: McGill University Press, 1967.

Murthy, R. Krishna. A Study of Tirumala-Tirupati Devasthanams Educational Institutions (Higher Education). Tirupati: Tirupati-Tirumala Devasthanam, 1984.

Narasimhan, C.V. The Mahabharata: An English Version Based on Selected Verses. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965.

Nayar, Kuldip, and Kushwant Singh. Tragedy of Punjab: Operation Bluestar and After. New Delhi: Vision Books, 1984.

Netton, Ian Richard. A Popular Dictionary of Islam. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1992.

O'Connel, Joseph T., Milton Israel, and Willard G. Oxtoby, eds. Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century. New Delhi: Manohar, 1990.

O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, ed. and trans. Hindu Myths: A Sourcebook Translated from the Sanskrit. Baltimore: Penguin, 1975.

O'Flaherty, Wendy Doniger, ed. and trans. The Rig Veda: An Anthology. New York: Penguin, 1981.

Pangborn, Cyrus R. Zoroastrianism: A Beleaguered Faith. New Delhi: Vikas, 1982.

Parasuram, T.V. India's Jewish Heritage. New Delhi: Sagar, 1982.

Patterson, Maureen L.P., in collaboration with William J. Alspaugh. South Asian Civilizations: A Bibliographic Synthesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Peterson, Indira Viswanathan. Poems to Siva: The Hymns of the Tamil Saints. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Prebish, Charles S. Historical Dictionary of Buddhism. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow, 1993.

Raj, A.R. Victor. The Hindu Connection: Roots of the New Age. Concordia Scholarship Today Series. St. Louis: Concordia, 1995.

Raj, V. Manuel. A Santal Theology of Liberation. New Delhi: Uppal, 1990.

Ramanujan, A.K, trans. Hymns for the Drowning: Poems for Visnu of Nammalvar. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Religions of India: Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Zorastrianism, Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. New Delhi: Clarion, 1983.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Robinson, Richard H., and Willard J. Johnson. The Buddhist Religion: A Historical Introduction. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1977.

Saha, M.N., and N.C. Lahiri. History of the Calendar in Different Countries Through the Ages. New Delhi: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1992.

Sangave, Vilas Adinath. Jaina Community: A Social Survey. 2d ed., rev. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1980.

Sarma, D.S., trans. The Upanishads: An Anthology. Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1964.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Islam in the Indian Subcontinent. Leiden: Brill, 1980.

Schuhmacher, Stephan, and Gert Woerner, eds. The Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambhala, 1989.

Sen, Makhan Lal, trans. The Ramayana of Valmiki. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1978.

Sethi, V.K. Kabir: The Weaver of God's Name. Amritsar: Radha Soami Satsang Beas, 1984.

Shearer, Alistair, and Peter Russell, trans. The Upanishads. New York: Harper and Row, 1978. Reprint. Boston: Unwin Paperbacks, 1989.

Shulman, David, trans. Songs of the Harsh Devotee: The Tevaram of Cuntaramurttinayanar. Philadelphia: Department of South Asia Regional Studies, University of Pennsylvania, 1990.

Singh, Gopal, trans. Sri Guru Granth Sahib: An Anthology. Calcutta: M.P. Birla Foundation, 1989.

Sinha, Abdesh Prasad. Religious Life in Tribal India: A Case-Study of Dugh Kharia. New Delhi: Classical, 1989.

Sivaramamurti, C. Sri Lakshmi in Indian Art and Thought. New Delhi: Kanak, 1982.

Srivastava, Sushil. The Disputed Mosque: A Historical Inquiry. New Delhi: Vistar, 1991.

Stevenson, Margaret Sinclair. The Rites of the Twice-Born. London: Oxford University Press, 1920.

Thomas, Edward J. The Life of Buddha as Legend and History. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1927.

Timberg, Thomas A., ed. Jews in India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1986.

Tisserant, Eugene Cardinal. Eastern Christianity in India: A History of the Syro-Malabar Church from the Earliest Time to the Present Day. Trans., E.R. Hambye. London: Longmans, Green, 1957.

Torwesten, Hans. Vedanta: Heart of Hinduism. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1985.

Troisi, J. Tribal Religion: Religious Beliefs and Practices among the Santals. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978.

Troll, Christian W., ed. Muslim Shrines in India: Their Character, History, and Significance. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Van der Veer, Peter. Gods on Earth: The Management of Religious Experience and Identity in a North Indian Pilgrimage Center. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Athlone, 1988.

Van der Veer, Peter. "Playing or Praying: A Sufi Saint's Day in Surat," Journal of Asian Studies, 51, No. 3, August 1992, 545-64.

Van der Veer, Peter. Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Viswanathan, Lakshmi. Bharatanatyam: The Tamil Heritage. Madras: Sri Kala Chakra Trust, 1984.

Waghorne, Joanne Punzo, and Norman Cutler, eds. Gods of Flesh, Gods of Stone: The Embodiment of Divinity in India. Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: Anima, 1985.

Worthington, Vivian. A History of Yoga. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.

Zaehner, Robert Charles. Hinduism. 2d ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966.

Zvelebil, Kamil V. The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. Leiden: Brill, 1973.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1993; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia, 1995; India Today [New Delhi], 1992; and Washington Post , 1994.)

Chapter 4

Abel, Evelyn. The Anglo-Indian Community: Survival in India. Delhi: Chanakya, 1988.

Abraham, Margaret. "Ethnic Identity and Marginality among Indian Jews in Contemporary India," Ethnic Groups, 9, No. 1, 1991, 33-60.

Aggarwal, J.C., and Sarita Aggarwal. Education in India: A Comparative Study of States and Union Territories. New Delhi: Concept, 1990.

Aggarwal, Santosh. Three Language Formula: An Educational Problem. New Delhi: Sian, 1991.

Agnihotri, R. K., and A. L. Khanna. Second Language Acquisition: Socio-Cultural and Linguistic Aspects of English in India, 1: Research in Applied Linguistics. New Delhi: Sage, 1994.

Akbar, M.J. The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation's Unity. London: Penguin, 1985.

Andronov, M.S. Dravidian Languages. Trans., D.M. Segal. Moscow: Nauka, 1970.

Annamalai, A. "Bilingualism Through Schooling in India," Indian Journal of Applied Linguistics [New Delhi], 11, No. 2, June 1985, 65-78.

Annamalai, E., ed. Bilingualism and Achievement in School. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1980.

Arnold, Adiss, ed. Crisis in North East India. Madras: Gurukul Lutheran Theological College and Research Institute, 1981.

Arslan, Mehdi, and Janaki Rajan, eds. Communalism in India: Challenge and Response. New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.

Ashraf, Ali, ed. Ethnic Identity and National Integration. New Delhi: Concept, 1994.

Axelrod, Paul. "Cultural and Historical Factors in the Population Decline of the Parsis of India," Population Studies [London], 44, No. 2, November 1990, 401-19.

Banakar, Mahadev. Safeguards for Linguistic Minorities in India: Karnataka Sets a Model. Bangalore: Anubhava Mantapa Prakashan, 1982.

Basu, Sajal. Jharkhand Movement: Ethnicity and Culture of Silence. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1994.

Basu, Sajal. Regional Movements: Politics of Language, Ethnicity-Identity. Monograph No. 76. Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study; New Delhi: Manohar, 1992.

Baxi, Upendra, and Bhikhu Parekh, eds. Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, New Delhi, 1995.

Bhatnagar, Satyavan, and Pradeep Kumar, eds. Regional Political Parties in India. Panjab University D.C.C. Publications, No. 4. New Delhi: Ess, 1988.

Bloch, Jules. The Grammatical Structure of Dravidian Languages. Pune: Decan College Post-graduate and Research Institute, 1954.

Brass, Paul R. "Ethnic Groups and the State." Pages 1-56 in Paul R. Brass, ed., Ethnic Groups and the State. Totowa, New Jersey: Barnes and Noble, 1985.

Brass, Paul R. Language, Religion, and Politics in North India. London: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

Brass, Paul R. The New Cambridge History of India, IV.1: The Politics of India since Independence. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Breton, Ronald J.L. Atlas géographique des langues et des ethnies de l'Inde et du subcontinent: Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhoutan, et Sikkim. Quebec: Presses de l'université Laval, 1976.

Breton, Ronald J.L. Geolinguistics: Language Dynamics and Ethnolinguistic Geography. Trans. and expanded, Harold F. Schiffman. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1991.

Bright, William. Language Variation in South Asia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Cabinetmaker, Perin H. Parsis and Marriage. Bombay: 1991.

Cappieri, Mario. The Andamanese: Cultural Elements, Elements of Demogenetics, Physical Anthropology, and Radiology. Miami: Field Research Projects, 1974.

Carmel, J. With the Scattered in the East. Trans., Charles Weis. Jerusalem: Israel Publishing Institute, 1960.

Chaklader, Snehamoy. Linguistic Minority as a Cohesive Force in Indian Federal Process. New Delhi: Associated, 1981.

Chaklader, Snehamoy. Sociolinguistics: A Guide to Language Problems in India. New Delhi: Mittal, 1990.

Chatterji, Suniti Kumar. Select Papers (Angla-nibandhachyana.). 3 vols. New Delhi: People's, 1972-83.

Chaturvedi, M.G. Third All-India Education Survey: Languages and Media of Instruction in Indian Schools. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, 1981.

Chaudhuri, A.B. "The Jharkhand Movement: A Study," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 10, No. 4, October-December 1995, 47-55.

Chauhan, R.R.S. Africans in India: From Slavery to Royalty. New Delhi: Asian Publication Services, 1995.

Cohn, Bernard S. An Anthropologist among the Historians and Other Essays. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Cohn, Bernard S. India: The Social Anthropology of a Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

Comrie, Bernard, ed. The Major Languages of South Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. London: Routledge, 1990.

Crane, Robert I., ed. Regions and Regionalism in South Asian Studies: An Exploratory Study; Papers Presented at a Symposium held at Duke University, April 7-9, 1966. Durham, North Carolina: Program in Comparative Studies on Southern Asia, Duke University, 1967.

Das, Victor. Jharkhand: Caste over the Graves. Tribal Studies of India Series, No. 155. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1992.

Das Gupta, Jyotirindra. Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Das Gupta, Jyotirindra, and John J. Bumperz. "Language Communication and Control in North India." Pages 151-66 in Joshua A. Fishman, Charles A. Ferguson, and Jyotirindra Das Gupta, eds., Language Problems of Developing Nations. New York: Wiley, 1968.

Datta, Prabhat Kumar. Regionalism of Indian Politics. New Delhi: Sterling, 1993.

Davidson, T.T.L. "Indian Bilingualism and the Evidence of the Census of 1961," Lingua [Amsterdam], 22, Nos. 2-3, April 1969, 176-96.

Deshpande, C.D. India: A Regional Interpretation. New Delhi: Indian Council of Social Science Research and Northern Book Centre, 1992.

Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang. Nationalism and Social Communication: An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality. Cambridge: Technology Press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and New York: Wiley, 1953.

Devalle, Susana B.C. Discourses of Ethnicity: Culture and Protest in Jharkhand. New Delhi: Sage, 1992.

Dhamothara, Ayyadurai, ed. Word-Borrowing and Word-Making in Modern South Asian Languages. Heidelberg: South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, 1978.

Dhar, Pannalal. India and Her Domestic Problems: Religion, State, and Secularism. Calcutta: Punthi-Pustak, 1993.

Dharwadker, Vinay. "Dalit Poetry in Maharashtra," World Literature Today, 68, No. 2, Spring 1994, 319-24.

Dhoundiyal, N.C., Vijaya R. Dhoundiyal, and S.K. Sharma, eds. The Separate Hill State, 2: English. Almora: Shree Almora Book Depot, 1993.

Drury, David. The Iron Schoolmaster: Education, Employment, and the Family in India. Delhi: Hindustani, 1993.

Dua, Hans Raj. Linguistic Repertoire, Communication, and Interaction Networks in Industry. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1986.

Dutta, Pratap C. The Great Andamanese: Past and Present. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, 1978.

Eapen, K.E. "Daily Newspapers in India: Their Status and Problems," Journalism Quarterly, 44, No. 3, Autumn 1967, 520-32.

Emeneau, Murray B. Dravidian Linguistics; Ethnology and Folktales: Collected Papers. Annamalainagar: Annamalai University, 1976.

Emeneau, Murray B. Language and Linguistic Area: Essays. Language Science and National Development Series. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980.

Ezra, Esmond David. Turning Back the Pages: A Chronicle of Calcutta Jewry. 2 vols. and 1 sound cassette. London: Brookside Press, 1986.

Fishman, Joshua A., Charles A. Ferguson, and Jyotirindra Das Gupta, eds. Language Problems of Developing Nations. New York: Wiley, 1968.

Fishman, Rich. "Manipravalam: Threading the Necklace of a Language for Kerala," Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1995, 177.

Fox, Richard G. "Hindu Nationalism in the Making, or the Rise of the Hindian." Pages 63-80 in Richard G. Fox, ed., Nationalist Ideologies and the Production of National Cultures. American Ethnological Society Monograph Series, No. 2. Washington: American Anthropological Association, 1990.

Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von. Tribal Populations and Cultures of the Indian Subcontinent. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung; 7. Bd. Leiden: Brill, 1985.

Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph von. Tribes of India: The Struggle for Survival. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Gaeffke, Peter. Hindi Literature in the Twentieth Century. History of Indian Literature, 8: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 5). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1978.

Galanter, Marc. Competing Equalities: Law and the Backward Classes in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Gangadharan, K.K., ed. Indian National Consciousness: Growth and Development. New Delhi: Kalamkar Prakashan, 1972.

George, Sudhir Jacob. "The Bodo Movement in Assam: Unrest to Accord," Asian Survey, 34, No. 10, October 1994, 878-92.

Grimes, Barbara F., ed. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 12th ed. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1992.

Hart, George Luzerne. The Relation Between Tamil and Classical Sanskrit Literature. History of Indian Literature, 10: Dravidian Literature (fasc. 2). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1976.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

India. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India. Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India. New Delhi: 1957-58.

India. Committee of Parliament on Official Language. Report. New Delhi: 1986.

India. Group on Minorities Education. Report of the Group on Minorities Education. New Delhi: Government of India Press, 1991.

India. Linguistic Survey. Linguistic Survey of India. 12 vols. Ed., George Grierson. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Printing, India, 1903-23. Reprint. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1968.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1981: Series-1. Paper 4 of 1984. Household Population by Religion of Head of Household. New Delhi: 1984.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1981: Series-1, Part IV B(i): Population by Language/Mother-Tongue (Table C-7). New Delhi: May 1991.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals: Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1992. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals, Series-1, Paper-1 of 1992, 2. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Union Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. India-State Level. Series-1, Paper-1 of 1993. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Human Resources Development. Committee for Promotion of Urdu. Report of the Committee for Promotion of Urdu, 1975. 3d ed. New Delhi: 1990.

India. West Bengal. Director of Information. Gorkhaland Agitation: Facts and Issues: Information Document II. Calcutta: 1987.

India. West Bengal. Director of Information. Gorkhaland Agitation: The Issues: An Information Document. Calcutta: 1986.

International Conference on Language and National Development. The Case of India. Souvenir, Department of Linguistics, Osmania University, 25 Years. Silver Jubilee Year, 1962-1987. Hyderabad: Organizing Committee, ICLAND (India), 1987.

Isenberg, Shirley Berry. India's Bene-Israel: A Comprehensive Inquiry and Sourcebook. Berkeley: Judah L. Magnes Museum, 1988.

Jayadas, Edwin. Tribals in our Global Village: Agenda for the Third Millenium. Bangalore: Pan Media, 1992.

Jebasingh, Ananthi. Script for Tribal Languages for the Promotion of Literacy. Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1990.

Kachru, Braj B. The Indianization of English: The English Language in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Kachru, Braj B., and S.N. Sridhar, eds. Aspects of Sociolinguistics in South Asia. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, No. 16. The Hague: Mouton, 1978.

Kakar, Sudhir. The Colors of Violence: Cultural Identities, Religion, and Conflict. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.

Karat, Prakash. Language and Nationality Politics in India. Bombay: Orient Longman, 1973.

Katz, Nathan, and Ellen S. Goldberg. The Last Jews of Cochin: Jewish Identity in Hindu India. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1993.

Kesavan, B.S. History of Printing and Publishing in India: A Story of Cultural Re-awakening. 2 vols. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1984-85.

Khan, Vahiduddin. Indian Muslims: The Need for a Positive Outlook. New Delhi: Al-Risala, 1994.

Khubchandani, Lachman Mulchand. Language, Culture, and Nation-Building: Challenges of Modernisation. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, in association with Manohar Publications, Shimla, 1991.

Khubchandani, Lachman Mulchand. Language Demography: Collected Papers. Mimeograph Series: Studies in Linguistics, No. 3. Pune: Centre for Communication Studies, 1981.

Khubchandani, Lachman Mulchand. Language Planning: Miscellaneous Papers. Pune: Centre for Communication Studies, 1981.

Khubchandani, Lachman Mulchand. Plural Languages, Plural Cultures: Communication, Identity, and Sociopolitical Change in Contemporary India. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press for the East-West Center, 1983.

Kliuev, Boris I. India, National and Language Problem. New Delhi: Jullundur; and Bangalore: Sterling, 1981.

Krishnamurti, Bh., ed. South Asian Language: Structure, Convergence, and Diglossia. MLBD Series in Linguistics, No. 3. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1986.

Kumar, Purushottam. History and Administration of Tribal Chotanagpur. Delhi: Atma Ram, 1994.

Labru, G. L. Indian Newspaper English. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1984.

Lahiri-dutt, Kuntala. In Search of a Homeland: Anglo-Indians and McCluskiegunge. Calcutta: Minerva, 1990.

Lelyveld, David. "Colonial Knowledge and the Fate of Hindustani," Comparative Studies in Society and History [Cambridge], 25, No. 4, October 1993, 665-82.

Leshnik, Lawrence Saadia, and Günther-Dietz Sontheimer, eds. Pastoralists and Nomads in South Asia. Schriftenreihe des Südasien-Instituts der Universität Heidelberg. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1975.

Limaye, Madhu. Religious Bigotry: A Threat to Ordered State. Delhi: Ajanta, 1994.

McDonald, Ellen E. "The Growth of Regional Consciousness in Maharashtra," Indian Economic and Social History Review [Delhi], 5, No. 3, September 1968, 223-43.

McGregor, Ronald Stuart. Hindi Literature of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. History of Indian Literature, 8, Pt. 1: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 2). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1974.

Madan, T.N. "Whither Indian Secularism?" Modern Asian Studies, [London], 27, Pt. 3, July 1993, 667-97.

Mahmood, Tahir, ed. Minorities and State at the Indian Law: An Anthology. New Delhi: Institute of Objective Studies, 1991.

Maloney, Clarence, ed. Language and Civilization Change in South Asia. Contributions to Asian Studies, No. 11. Leiden: Brill, 1978.

Mandelbaum, David G. Society in India: Continuity and Change. 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Mann, Rann Singh. Culture and Integration of Indian Tribes. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1993.

Manoharan S. A Descriptive and Comparative Study of Andamanese Language. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India for Ministry of Human Resource Development, 1989.

Marriott, McKim. "Changing Channels of Cultural Transmission in Indian Civilization." Pages 66-74 in Verne F. Ray, ed., Intermediate Societies, Social Mobility, and Communication: Proceedings of the 1959 Annual Spring Meeting of the American Ethnological Society. Seattle: 1959.

Masica, Colin P. Defining a Linguistic Area: South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

Masica, Colin P. The Indo-Aryan Languages. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Misra, Dipti. "Konkani: Language-Dialect Controversy," International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics [Thiruvananthapuram], 16, No. 1, January 1987, 108-19.

Misra, Kamal Kant. Tribal Elites and Social Transformation. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1994.

Misra, P.K., and K.C. Malhotra, eds. Nomads in India: Proceedings of the National Seminar. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, 1982.

Misra, Satya Swarup. Aryan Problem: A Linguistic Approach. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1992.

Mitra, Roma. Caste Polarization and Politics. Patna: Syndicate Publication (India), 1992.

Mitra, Subrata K. "Crowds and Power: Democracy and the Crisis of 'Governability' in India." Pages 216-45 in Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, New Delhi, 1995.

Moore, Gloria Jean. The Anglo-Indian Vision. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1987.

Moseley, Christopher, and R. E. Asher, eds. Atlas of the World's Languages. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Munda, Ramdayal. The Jharkhand Movement: Retrospect and Prospect: A Report Submitted to Home Minister, Buta Singh. Ranchi: Jharkhand Co-ordination Committee, 1990.

Muthiah, S., ed. A Social and Economic Atlas of India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Naidu, K. Munirathna, ed. Peasant Movements in India. New Delhi: Reliance, 1994.

Naik. T.B., and G.P. Pandya. The Sidis of Gujurat: A Socio-Economic Study and Development Plan. Tribal Research and Training Institute Publication, No. 32. Ahmedabad: Tribal Research and Training Institute, 1993.

Naim, C.M. "The Situation of the Urdu Writer: A Letter from Bara Banki, December 1993/February 1994," World Literature Today, 68, No. 2, Spring 1994, 246-46.

Nanavutty, Piloo. The Parsis. New Delhi: National Book Trust, 1977.

National Council of Educational Research and Training. Fifth All-India Educational Survey. 2 vols. New Delhi: March 1992.

Nigosian, S.A. The Zoroastrian Faith: Tradition and Modern Research. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1993.

O'Barr, William O., and Jean F. O'Barr. Language and Politics. The Hague: Mouton, 1976.

Pakem, B. Regionalism in India: With Special Reference to North-East India. Delhi: Har-Anand, 1993.

Pandian, Jacob. The Making of India and Indian Traditions. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1995.

Pandit, Prabodh Bechardas. India as a Sociolinguistic Area. Pune: University of Pune, 1972.

Pandit, Prabodh Bechardas. Language in a Plural Society. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass; and Shimla: Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1988.

Pangborn, Cyrus R. Zoroastrianism: A Beleaguered Faith. New Delhi: Vikas, 1982.

Paolucci, Henry. "Italian and English 'Models' for the Modern Vernacular Literatures of India." Pages 209-31 in Aldo Scaglione, ed., The Emergence of National Languages. Speculum artium, No. 11. Ravenna, Italy: Longo Editore, 1984.

Parthasarathy, R. "Tamil Literature," World Literature Today, 68, No. 2, Spring 1994, 253-59.

Patel, M.L. Development Dualism of Primitive Tribes: Constraints, Restraints, and Fallacies. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1994.

Pattanayak, D.P. Language, Education, and Culture. CIIL Occasional Monograph Series, No. 46. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1991.

Pattanayak, D.P. Multilingualism and Mother-Tongue Education. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1981.

Pattanayak, D.P. Papers in Indian Sociolinguistics. Mysore: Central Institute of Indian Languages, 1978.

Pattanayak, D.P., ed. Multilingualism in India. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters, 1990.

Pawte, Ishtalingapappa Siddharamappa. The Structure of the Ashtadhyayi. Hubli: 1934.

Peacock, Olive. Minorities and National Integration in India. Jaipur: Arihand, 1991.

Perry, John Oliver. "Contemporary Indian Poetry in English," World Literature Today, 68, No. 2, Spring 1994, 261-71.

Pescatello, Ann M. "The African Presence in Portuguese India, Journal of Asian History [Wiesbaden], 11, No. 1, 1977, 26-48.

Pollock, Sheldon. "Three Local Cultures in the Sanskrit Cosmopolis (AD 300-1300)," Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1995, 176-77.

Rai, Amrit. A House Divided: The Origin and Development of Hindi-Urdu. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Ramaswamy, Sumathi. "Engendering Language: The Poetics of Tamil Identity," Comparative Studies in Society and History [Cambridge], 25, No. 4, October 1993, 683-725.

Ramaswamy, Sumathi. "In Praise of Tamil: Ideologies of Language Before the Nation," Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1995, 177-78.

Ram Reddy, G., and B.A.V. Sharma. Regionalism in India: A Study of Telangana. New Delhi: Concept, 1979.

Rao, G.R.S. Regionalism in India: A Case Study of the Telangana Issue. New Delhi: Institute of Constitutional and Parliamentary Studies, 1975.

Rao, Narayana. "Style Wars: Sanskrit and Telugu in Medieval Andhra," Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Inc. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1995, 177.

Rastogi, P.N. Ethno-Social Conflict and National Integration. New Delhi: Gyan, 1993.

Ray, Punya Sloka. Language Standardization: Studies in Prescriptive Linguistics. The Hague: Mouton, 1963.

Raza, Moonis, and Aijazuddin Ahmad. An Atlas of Tribal India: with Computed Tables of District-Level Data and Its Geographical Interpretation. New Delhi: Concept, 1989.

Rekhi, Upjit Singh. Jharkhand Movement in Bihar. New Delhi: Nunes, 1988.

Rice, Frank A., ed. Study of the Role of Second Languages in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Washington: Center for Applied Linguistics of the Modern Language Association of America, 1962.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Roland, Joan G. Jews in British India: Identity in a Colonial Era. Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry Series, No. 9. Hanover: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1989.

Roy, S.B., and Asok K. Ghosh, eds. People of India: Bio-Cultural Dimensions: A K.S. Singh Festschrift. New Delhi: Inter-India, 1993.

Ruhlen, Merritt. The Origin of Language: Tracing the Evolution of the Mother Tongue. New York: Wiley, 1994.

Sadiq Ali, Shanti. India and Africa Through the Ages. Delhi: National Book Trust, 1987.

Sarang, Vilas. "Confessions of a Marathi Writer," World Literature Today, 68, No. 2, Spring 1994, 309-12.

Sarkar, Ajeya. Regionalism, State, and the Emerging Political Pattern in India: A New Approach. Calcutta: Firma KLM, 1990.

Sarkar, Sumit. Modern India, 1885-1947. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

Sarma, Satyendra Nath. Assamese Literature. A History of Indian Literature, 9: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 2). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1976.

Schermerhorn, R.A. Ethnic Plurality in India. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1978.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbal. A History of Indian Literature, 8: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 3). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1975.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Islamic Literatures of India. A History of Indian Literature, 7: Modern Indo-Iranian Literatures (fasc. 1). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1973.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Sindhi Literature. A History of Indian Literature, 8: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 2). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1974.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E., ed. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 2d impression. Reference Series of Association for Asian Studies, No. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Sebeok, Thomas A., ed. Linguistics in South Asia. Current Trends in Linguistics, 5. The Hague: Mouton, 1969.

Segal, J.B. A History of the Jews of Cochin. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1993.

Sengupta, Nirmal, ed. Fourth World Dynamics, Jharkhand. Delhi: Authors Guild, 1982.

Shackle, Christopher, and Rupert Snell. Hindi and Urdu since 1800: A Common Reader. New Delhi: Heritage, 1990.

Shah, Beena. Tribal Education, Perspectives and Prospects. Calcutta: Naya Prokash, 1992.

Shapiro, Michael C., and Harold Schiffmann. Language and Society in South Asia. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981.

Sharma, B.N. Medium of Instruction in India: A Backgrounder Based on Official Documents of the Government of India. New Delhi: Central Secretariat Library, Department of Culture, 1985.

Sharma, K.L., ed. Caste and Class in India. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

Sharma, P. Gopal, and Suresh Kumar, eds. Indian Bilingualism: Proceedings of the Symposium Held under the Joint Auspices of Kendriya Hindi Sansthan and Jawaharlal Nehru University, February 1976. Agra: Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, 1977.

Sheth, D.L. "The Great Language Debate: Politics of Metropolitan Versus Vernacular India." Pages 187-215 in Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, in association with The Book Review Literary Trust, New Delhi, 1995.

Singh, Bhawani, ed. Regionalism and Politics of Separatism in India. Jaipur: Printwell, 1993.

Singh, Inderjit. The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press for the World Bank, 1990.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 3: The Scheduled Tribes. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, 1992.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 9: Languages and Scripts. Delhi: Anthropological Survey of India, 1992.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 11: An Anthropological Atlas. Delhi: Anthropological Survey of India, 1993.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 12: Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Madras: Anthropological Survey of India, 1994.

Singh, Nancy, and Ram Singh, eds. The Sugar in the Milk: The Parsis in India. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge for the Institute for Development Education, 1986.

Singh, Navjyoti. "Foundations of Logic in Ancient India: Linguistics and Mathematics." Pages 79-106 in A. Rahman, ed., Science and Technology in Indian Culture. New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies, 1984.

Spate, O.H.K., A.T.A. Learmonth, A.M. Learmonth, and B.H. Farmer. India and Pakistan: A General and Regional Geography with a Chapter on Ceylon. 3d ed., rev. London: Methuen, 1967.

Sridhar, Kamal K. English in Indian Bilingualism. New Delhi: Manohar, 1989.

Stern, Robert W. Changing India: Bourgeois Revolution on the Subcontinent. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Subba, Tanka B. Ethnicity, State, and Development: A Case Study of the Gorkhaland Movement in Darjeeling. New Delhi: Har-Anand, in association with Vikas, 1992.

Taylor, David, and Malcolm Yapp, eds. Political Identity in South Asia. London: Curzon, 1979.

Timberg, Thomas A., ed. Jews in India. New Delhi: Vikas, 1986.

Tulsi Ram. Trading in Language: The Story of English in India. Delhi: GDK, 1983.

Tyagi, P.N. Education for All: A Graphic Presentation. New Delhi: National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, August 1991.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. World Factbook, 1995. Washington: 1995.

Varma, Siddheshwar. G.A. Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India: A Summary. 3 vols. Hoshiarpur: Vishweshvaranand Institute, Panjab University, 1972-76.

Verma, Ramesh Kumar. Regionalism and Sub-regionalism in State Politics: Social, Economic, and Political Bases. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1994.

Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Writer, Rashna. Contemporary Zoroastrians: An Unstructured Nation. Lanham: University Press of America, 1994.

Yaquin, Anwarul. Constitutional Protection of Minority Educational Institutions in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1982.

Younger, Coralie. Anglo-Indians, Neglected Children of the Raj. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1987.

Zide, Normal. "A Bibliographical Introduction to Andamanese Linguistics," Journal of the American Oriental Society, 109, No. 4, October-December 1989, 639-51.

Zograf, Georgii Aleksandrovich. Languages of South Asia: A Guide. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1982.

Zvabitel, Dusan. Bengali Literature. A History of Indian Literature, 9: Modern Indo-Aryan Literatures (fasc. 3). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1976.

Zvelebil, Kamil V. Companion Studies to the History of Tamil Literature. Handbuch der Orientalistik. Zweite Abteilung, Indien. Bd., Ergänzungsband 5. Leiden: Brill, 1992.

Zvelebil, Kamil V. Tamil Literature. A History of Indian Literature, 10: Dravidian Literatures (fasc. 1). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, 1974.

(Various issues of the following publications were also used in the preparation of this chapter: Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1984-86, 1994; Economist [London], 1988; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1984-93; Frontline [Madras], 1994-95; Panchayati Raj Update [New Delhi], 1994-95; Seminar [Delhi], 1992; and Times of India [New Delhi], 1995.)

Chapter 5

Agrawal, Bina. "Women, Poverty, and Agricultural Growth in India," Journal of Peasant Studies [London], 13, No. 4, July 1986, 165-220.

Ahmad, Imtiaz, ed. Caste and Social Stratification among Muslims in India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978.

Ahmad, Imtiaz, ed. Family, Kinship, and Marriage among Muslims in India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1976.

Bagwe, Anjali. Of Woman Caste: The Experience of Gender in Rural India. New York: Zed, 1995.

Ballhatchet, Kenneth, and John Harrison, eds. The City in South Asia: Pre-Modern and Modern. Atlantic Highland, New Jersey: Humanities Press, 1981.

Basham, A.L. The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the History and Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before the Coming of the Muslims. 3d ed., rev. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1967.

Bedi, Rajeh, and Ramesh Bedi. Sadhus: The Holy Men of India. Delhi: Brijbasi, 1961.

Bennett, Lynn. Women, Poverty, and Productivity in India. EDI Seminar Paper, No. 43. Washington: Economic Development Institute, World Bank, 1991.

Berreman, Gerald D. Caste and Other Inequities: Essays on Inequality. Meerut: Folklore Institute, 1979.

Berreman, Gerald D. Hindus of the Himalayas. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963.

Beteille, Andre. Caste, Class, and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.

Boserup, Ester. Women's Role in Economic Development. London: Allen and Unwin, 1970.

Brouwer, Jan. The Makers of the World: Caste, Craft, and Mind of South Indian Artisans. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Bumiller, Elisabeth. May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons: A Journey among the Women of India. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1990.

Calman, Leslie J. Toward Empowerment: Women and Politics in India. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Carstairs, G. Morris. The Twice Born: A Study of a Community of High-Caste Hindus. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1967.

Chanchreek, K.L., and Saroj Prasad, eds. Mandal Commission Report. Myth and Reality: A National Viewpoint. Delhi: H.K. Publishers, 1991.

Chatterjee, Meera. Indian Women: Their Health and Economic Productivity. World Bank Discussion Papers, No. 109. Washington: World Bank, 1990.

Chitkara, M.G. Bureacracy and Social Change. New Delhi: Ashish, 1994.

Chopra, J.K. Women in the Indian Parliament: A Critical Study of Their Role. New Delhi: Mittal, 1993.

Clark, Alice W., ed. Gender and Political Economy: Explorations of South Asian Systems. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Cohen, Myron L., ed. Asia: Case Studies in the Social Sciences: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1992.

Cohn, Bernard S. India: The Social Anthropology of a Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1971.

Crane, Robert I., ed. Aspects of Political Mobilization in South Asia. Foreign and Comparative Studies/South Asia Series, No. 1. Syracuse: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1976.

Crane, Robert I., ed. Nations and Regionalism in South Asian Studies: An Exploratory Study. Duke University Monographs and Occasional Papers Series, Monograph No. 5. Durham: Duke University Press, 1967.

Das, Veena. "Indian Women: Work, Power, and Status." Pages 129-45 in B.R. Nanda, ed., Indian Women: From Purdah to Modernity. New Delhi: Vikas, 1976.

Das Gupta, Monica. "Death Clustering, Mothers' Education, and the Determinants of Child Mortality in Rural Punjab," Population Studies [London], 44, No. 3, November 1990, 489-505.

Das Gupta, Monica. "Selective Discrimination Against Female Children in Rural Punjab, India," Population and Development Review, 13, No. 1, March 1987, 77-100.

Das Gupta, Monica. "Women's Life Cycles, Status, and Demographic Outcomes." Paper presented at the Conference on South Asia, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993.

Day, Richard H., and Inderjit Singh. Economic Development As an Adaptive Process: The Green Revolution in the Indian Punjab. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

de Souza, Alfred, ed. Women in Contemporary India: Traditional Images and Changing Roles. New Delhi: Manohar, 1975.

Derne, Steve. Cultures in Action: Family, Life, Emotions, and Male Dominance in Banaras, India. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Desai, Sonalde, and Devaki Jain. "Maternal Employment and Changes in Family Dynamics: The Social Context of Women's Work in Rural South India," Population and Development Review, 20, No. 1, March 1994, 115-36.

Dickemann, Mildred. "Female Infanticide, Reproductive Strategies, and Social Stratification: A Preliminary Model." Pages 321-37 in Napoleon A. Chagnon and William Irons, eds., Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. North Scituate, Massachusetts: Ducksbury, 1979.

Dickemann, Mildred. "Paternal Confidence and Dowry Competition: A Biocultural Analysis of Purdah." Pages 417-38 in Richard A. Alexander and Donald W. Tinkle, eds., Natural Selection and Social Behavior: Recent Research and New Theory. New York: Chiron, 1981.

Dubey, Suman. "The Middle Class." Pages 137-64 in Leonard A. Gordon and Philip Oldenburg, eds., India Briefing, 1992. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1992.

Dumont, Louis. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and Its Implications. Trans., Mark Sainsbury, et al. Rev. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Dyson, Tim, and Mick Moore. "On Kinship Structure, Female Autonomy, and Demographic Behavior in India," Population and Development Review, 9, No. 1, March 1983, 35-39.

Elwin, Verrier. The Kingdom of the Young, Abridged from The Muria and Their Ghotul. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Elwin, Verrier. The Muria and Their Ghotul. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1947. Reprint. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Embree, Ainslie T. Utopias in Conflict: Religion and Nationalism in Modern India. Comparative Studies in Religion and Society. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Engineer, Ashgar Ali, ed. Mandal Commission Controversy. Delhi: Ajanta, 1991.

Freed, Ruth S., and Stanley A. Freed. "Beliefs and Practices Resulting in Female Deaths and Fewer Females than Males in India," Population and Environment, 10, No. 3, Fall 1989, 144-61.

Freed, Ruth S., and Stanley A. Freed. Ghosts: Life and Death in North India. Anthropological Papers, No. 72. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1993.

Freed, Ruth S., and Stanley A. Freed. The Psychomedical Case History of a Low-Caste Woman of North India. Anthropological Papers, No. 60, Pt. 2. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1985.

Freed, Stanley A., and Ruth S. Freed. Shanti Nagar: The Effects of Urbanization in a Village in North India, 1: Social Organization. Anthropological Papers, No. 53, Pt. 1. New York: American Museum of Natural History, 1976.

Fuller, Christopher J. "Misconceiving the Grain Heap: A Critique of the Concept of the Indian Jajmani System." Pages 33-63 in J. Parry and M. Blich, eds., Money and the Morality of Exchange. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Gallin, Rita S., and Anne Ferguson, eds. The Women and Development Annual Review, 2. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Goody, Jack. Production and Reproduction: A Comparative Study of the Domestic Domain. Cambridge Studies in Social Anthropology, No. 17. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Gould, Harold A. "The Adaptive Functions of Caste in Contemporary Indian Society," Asian Survey, 13, No. 9, September 1973, 427-38.

Gould, Harold A. "Political Economy and Emergence of a Modern Class System in India." Pages 155-86 in Yogendra K. Malik, ed., Boeings and Bullock-Carts: Studies in Change and Continuity in Indian Civilization: Essays in Honour of K. Ishwaran, 1: India: Culture and Society. Delhi: Chanakya, 1990.

Gregory, Robert G. South Asians in East Africa: An Economic and Social History, 1890-1980. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Gross, Susan Hill. Wasted Resources, Diminished Lives: The Impact of Boy Preference on the Lives of Girls and Women. St. Louis Park, Minnesota: Upper Midwest Women's History Center, 1992.

Gupta, Giri Raj. Cohesion and Conflict in Modern India. Main Currents in Indian Sociology, No. 3. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1978.

Gupta, Giri Raj. Contemporary India: Some Sociological Perspectives. Main Currents in Indian Sociology, No. 1. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1976.

Gupta, Giri Raj. Family and Social Change in Modern India. Main Currents in Indian Sociology, No. 2. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 1971.

Hanchett, Suzanne. Coloured Rice: Symbolic Structure in Hindu Family Festivals. Delhi: Hindustan, 1988.

Harris, Marvin. "The Cultural Ecology of India's Sacred Cattle," Current Anthropology [Utrecht], 7, No. 1, February 1966, 51-66.

Hiro, Dilip. The Untouchables of India. Rev. ed. MRG Report, No. 26. London: Minority Rights Working Group on Untouchables, 1982.

India. Ministry of Education and Social Welfare. Committee on the Status of Women in India. Towards Equality: Report of the Committee on the Status of Women in India. New Delhi: 1974.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals: Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1992, New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Planning. Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Abstract 1990, India. New Delhi: 1990.

Indian Social Institute. Dalit Organisations, A Directory: Programme for Scheduled Castes. 2d ed. New Delhi: 1994.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Flexibility in Central Indian Kinship and Residence." Pages 263-83 in K. Dacid, ed., The New Wind: Changing Identities in South Asia. World Anthropology Series. The Hague: Mouton, 1977.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Gender Relations: Changing Patterns in India." Pages 119-39 in Myron L. Cohen, ed., Asia. Case Studies in the Social Sciences: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1992.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Hidden Faces: Hindu and Muslim Purdah in a Central Indian Village." Ph.D. dissertation. New York: Columbia University, 1970.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Indian Women in Processes of Development," Journal of International Affairs, 30, No. 2, Winter 1976-77, 211-42.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Purdah and the Hindu Family in Central India." Pages 81-109 in Hanna Papanek and Gail Minault, eds., Separate Worlds: Studies of Purdah in South Asia. Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books; and New Delhi: Chanakya, 1982.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Purdah in India: Life Behind the Veil," National Geographic, 152, No. 2, August 1977, 270-86.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Separate Spheres: Differential Modernization in Rural Central India." Pages 179-238 in Helen E. Ullrich, ed., Competition and Modernization in South Asia. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1975.

Jacobson, Doranne. "The Veil of Virtue: Purdah and the Muslim Family in the Bhopal Region of Central India." Pages 169-215 in Imtiaz Ahmad, ed., Family, Kinship, and Marriage among Muslims in India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1976.

Jacobson, Doranne. Women and Work in South Asia: An Audiovisual Presentation. Women and Development Issues in Three World Areas. St. Louis Park, Minnesota: Upper Midwest Women's History Center Collection, 1989.

Jacobson, Doranne, and Susan S. Wadley. Women in India: Two Perspectives. 3d ed. Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books; and New Delhi: Manohar, 1994.

Jeffery, Patricia, Roger Jeffrey, and Andrew Lyon. Labour Pains and Labour Power: Women and Childbearing in India. London: Zed, 1989.

Joshi, Barbara R. "Whose Law, Whose Order: Untouchables, Social Violence, and the State in India," Asian Survey, 22, No. 7, July 1982, 676-87.

Kakar, Sudhir. The Inner World: A Psychoanalytic Study of Childhood and Society in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1978.

Karve, Irawati. Kinship Organization in India. 3d ed. London: Asia Publishing House, 1968.

Kinsley, David. Hindu Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Tradition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Klass, Morton. Caste: The Emergence of the South Asian Social System. Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1980.

Kolenda, Pauline M. Caste in Contemporary India: Beyond Organic Solidarity. Menlo Park, California: Cummings, 1978.

Kolenda, Pauline M. "Region, Caste, and Family Structure: A Comparative Study of the Indian 'Joint' Family." Pages 339-96 in Milton Singer and Bernard S. Cohn, eds., Structure and Change in Indian Society. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, No. 47. Chicago: Aldine, 1968.

Kolenda, Pauline M. "Regional Differences in Indian Family Structure." Pages 147-226 in Robert I. Crane, ed., Regions and Regionalism in South Asian Studies: An Exploratory Study. Duke University Monograph and Occasional Papers Series, Monograph No. 5. Durham: Duke University Press, 1967.

Kshirasagara, Ramacandra. Dalit Movement in India and Its Leaders, 1857-1956. New Delhi: M.D. Publications, 1994.

Lapierre, Dominique. The City of Joy. Trans., Kathryn Spink. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1985.

Lateef, Shahida. Muslim Women in India: Political and Private Realities: 1890s-1980s. London: Zed, 1990.

Lebra, Joyce, J. Paulson, and J. Everett, eds. Women and Work in India: Continuity and Change. New Delhi: Promilla, 1984.

Lewis, Oscar. Village Life in Northern India: Studies in a Delhi Village. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1958. Reprint. New York: Random House, 1965.

Liddle, Joanna, and Rama Joshi. Daughters of Independence: Gender, Caste, and Class in India. London: Zed, 1986.

Luschinsky, Mildred Stroop. "The Impact of Some Recent Indian Government Legislation on the Women of an Indian Village," Asian Survey, 3, No. 12, December 1963, 573-83.

Lynch, Owen M. The Politics of Untouchability. New York: Columbia University Press, 1969.

Lynch, Owen M. "Potter, Plotters, Prodders in a Bombay Slum: Marx and Meaning or Meaning Versus Marx," Urban Anthropology, 8, No. 1, Spring 1979, 1-27.

Lynch, Owen M. "Some Aspects of Political Mobilization among Adi-Dravidas in Bombay City." Pages 7-33 in Robert I. Crane, ed., Aspects of Political Mobilization in South Asia. Foreign and Comparative Studies/South Asia Series, No. 1. Syracuse: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1976.

Lynch, Owen M. "Stratification, Inequality, Caste System: India." Pages 67-80 in Myron L. Cohen, ed., Asia: Case Studies in the Social Sciences: A Guide for Teaching. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1992.

Lynch, Owen M., ed. Divine Passions: The Social Construction of Emotion in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Mahar, J. Michael, ed. The Untouchables in Contemporary India. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1972.

Malik, Yogendra K., ed. Boeings and Bullock-Carts: Studies in Change and Continuity in Indian Civilization: Essays in Honour of K. Ishwaran. 5 vols. Delhi: Chanakya, 1990.

Maloney, Clarence. Peoples of South Asia. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974.

Mandelbaum, David G. Society in India: Continuity and Change. 2 vols. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970.

Mandelbaum, David G. Women's Seclusion and Men's Honor: Sex Roles in North India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1988.

Marshall, John F. "What Does Family Planning Mean to an Indian Villager?" Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association, New York, 1971.

Martin, M. Kay, and Barbara Voorhies. Female of the Species. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.

Massey, James. A Concise History of Dalits. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1994.

Massey, James, ed. Indigenous People. Dalits: Dalit Issues in Today's Theological Debate. ISPCK Contextual Theological Education Series, No. 5. Delhi: Indian Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1994.

Mayer, Adrian C. Caste and Kinship in Central India. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960.

Mencher, Joan P. "The Caste System Upside Down, or the Not-So-Mysterious East," Current Anthropology, 15, No. 4, December 1974, 469-78.

Mencher, Joan P. Female Cultivators and Agricultural Laborers: Who They Are and What They Do. Michigan State University Working Papers on Women in International Development, No. 192. East Lansing: November 1989.

Miller, Barbara D. The Endangered Sex: Neglect of Female Children in Rural North India. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981.

Miller, Barbara D. "Son Preference, the Household, and a Public Health Programme in North India." Pages 191-208 in Maithreyi Krishnaraj and Karuna Chanana, eds., Gender and the Household Domain: Social and Cultural Dimensions. Women and the Household in Asia, No. 4. New Delhi: Sage, 1989.

Mitter, Sara. Dharma's Daughters: Contemporary Indian Women and Hindu Culture. New York: Penguin, 1991.

Mukhopadhyay, Carol Chapnick, and Susan Seymour, eds. Women, Education, and Family Structure in India. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994.

Naipaul, V.S. India: A Million Mutinies Now. New York: Penguin, 1990.

Nanda, Serena. Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. Belmont, California: Wadsworth, 1990.

Nuckolls, Charles W., ed. Siblings in South Asia: Brothers and Sisters in Cultural Context. New York: Guilford, 1993.

Omvedt, Gail. Dalits and the Democratic Revolution: Dr. Ambedkar and the Dalit Movement in Colonial India. New Delhi: Sage, 1993.

Omvedt, Gail. "'Patriarchy': The Analysis of Women's Oppression," Insurgent Sociologist, 13, No. 3, 1986, 30-50.

Omvedt, Gail. Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1993.

Ostor, Akos, Lina Fruzetti, and Steve Barnett, eds. Concepts of Person: Kinship, Caste, and Marriage in India. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.

Papanek, Hanna, and Gail Minault, eds. Separate Worlds: Studies of Purdah in South Asia. Columbia, Missouri: South Asia Books; and New Delhi: Chanakya, 1982.

Patterson, Maureen L.P., in collaboration with William J. Alspaugh. South Asian Civilizations: A Bibliographic Synthesis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Pollock, Sheldon. "Ramayana and Political Imagination in India," Journal of Asian Studies, 52, No. 2, May 1993, 261-97.

Quale, G. Robina. Families in Context: A World History of Population. New York: Greenwood, 1992.

Raheja, Gloria Goodwin. "Crying When She's Born, and Crying When She Goes Away: Marriage and the Idiom of the Gift in Pahansu Song Performance." Pages 19-59 in Lindsey Harlan and Paul Courtright, eds., From the Margins of Hindu Marriage: Essays on Gender, Religion, and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Raheja, Gloria Goodwin. The Poison in the Gift: Ritual, Prestation, and the Dominant Caste in a North Indian Village. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.

Raheja, Gloria Goodwin, and Ann Grodzins Gold. Listen to the Heron's Words: Reimagining Gender and Kinship in North India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Rao, Bhuvana. "Gender Ideology, Illness Perception, and Decision Making: Cultural Issues in Women's Health Care." Paper presented at Conference on South Asia, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993.

Reynolds, Holly Baker. "The Auspicious Married Woman." Pages 35-60 in Susan S. Wadley, ed., The Powers of Tamil Women. Foreign and Comparative Studies/South Asian Series, No. 6. Syracuse: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1980.

Robb, Peter G. Dalit Movements and the Meanings of Labour in India. SOAS Studies on South Asia. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1993.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Roland, Alan. In Search of Self in India and Japan: Toward a Cross-Cultural Psychology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Routledge, Paul. Terrains of Resistance: Nonviolent Social Movements and the Contestation of Place in India. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1993.

Roy, Manisha. Bengali Women. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

Sakala, Carol. Women of South Asia: A Guide to Resources. Millwood, New York: Kraus, 1980.

Saraswathi, T.S., and Baljit Kaur, eds. Human Development and Family Studies in India: An Agenda for Research and Policy. New Delhi: Sage, 1993.

Shah, A.M., and I.P. Desai. Division and Hierarchy: An Overview of Caste in Gujarat. Delhi: Hindustan, 1988.

Sharma, Miriam. "Caste, Class, and Gender: Production and Reproduction in North India," Journal of Peasant Studies [London], 12, No. 4, July 1985, 57-88.

Sharma, Miriam. The Politics of Inequality: Competition and Control in an Indian Village. 2d ed. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1984.

Sharma, Miriam. "(Re)creating Tradition: Transformation of Marriage Practices in Rural North India." Paper presented at the Ninth Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, University of New England, Armidale, 1991.

Sharma, Ursula. Women and Property in Northwest India. London: Tavistock, 1980.

Sims, Holly. "Malthusian Nightmare or Richest in Human Resources?" Pages 103-36 in Leonard Gordon and Philip Oldenburg, eds., India Briefing, 1992. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1992.

Singer, Milton. When a Great Tradition Modernizes: An Anthropological Approach to Indian Civilization. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 2: The Scheduled Castes. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, 1992.

Singh, Kumar Suresh, ed. People of India, 3: The Scheduled Tribes. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, 1992.

Smart, Ninian, and Shivesh Thakur, eds. Ethical and Political Dilemmas of Modern India. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Srinivas, M.N. Social Change in Modern India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Stern, Robert W. Changing India: Bourgeois Revolution on the Subcontinent. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Tana, Pradumna, and Rosalba Tana. Traditional Stencil Designs from India. Dover Pictorial Archives Series. New York: Dover, 1986.

Vatuk, Sylvia. "Authority, Power, and Autonomy in the Life Cycle of North Indian Women." Pages 23-44 in Paul Hockings, ed., Dimensions of Social Life: Essays in Honor of David G. Mandelbaum. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1987.

Vatuk, Sylvia, ed. American Studies in the Anthropology of India. New Delhi: Manohar, 1978.

Venkatachalam, R., and Viji Srinivasan. Female Infanticide. New Delhi: Har-Anand, 1993.

Wadley, Susan S. "Family Composition Strategies in Rural North India," Social Science and Medicine [Oxford], 37, No. 11, November 1993, 1367-76.

Wadley, Susan S. "Female Life Changes in Rural India," Cultural Survival Quarterly, 13, No. 2, 1989, 35-39.

Wadley, Susan S. Struggling with Destiny: Karimpur Lives, 1925-1984. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

Wadley, Susan S., ed. The Powers of Tamil Women. Foreign and Comparative Studies/South Asian Series, No. 6. Syracuse: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, 1980.

Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.

Wolpert, Stanley. India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Yadava, Surendar S., and James G. Chadney. "Female Education, Modernity, and Fertility in India," Journal of Asian and Africa Studies [Leiden], 29, Nos. 1-2, January-April 1994, 110-19.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1992-93; Hindustan Times [New Delhi], 1987-95; India Today [New Delhi], 1986-94; New York Review of Books , 1990; New York Times , 1993, and Washington Post , 1994.)

Chapter 6

Acharya, Shankar. "India's Fiscal Policy." Pages 287-318 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Adiseshiah, Malcolm S., ed. Seventh Plan Perspectives. New Delhi: Lancer International, 1985.

Agarwal, Manmohan. "A Comparative Analysis of India's Export Performance, 1965-80," Indian Economic Review [Delhi], 23, No. 2, July-December 1988, 231-61.

Aggarwal, J.C. Indian Economy: Crisis and Reforms. New Delhi: Shipra, 1991.

Ahluwalia, Isher Judge. Industrial Growth in India: Stagnation since the Mid-Sixties. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Ahluwalia, Montek S. "India's Economic Performance, Policies, and Prospects. Pages 345-60 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Alagh, Yoginder K. "Growth Performance of the Indian Economy, 1950-89: Problems of Employment and Poverty," Developing Economies [Tokyo], 30, No. 2, June 1992, 97-116.

Andersen, Walter K. "India in 1994: Economics to the Fore," Asian Survey, 35, No. 2, February 1995, 127-39.

Asher, Catherine Ella Blanshard. The New Cambridge History of India, I.4: Architecture in Mughal India. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India. Automotive Industry of India: Facts and Figures, 1990-91. 24th ed. New Delhi: 1991.

Awasthi, Aruna. History and Development of Railways in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1994.

Awasthi, Dipesh. Regional Patterns of Industrial Growth in India. New Delhi: Concept, 1991.

Bag, A.K. Science and Civilization in India. New Delhi: Navrang, 1985.

Balasubramanyam, V.N. The Economy of India. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1984.

Banerji, Arun Kumar, ed. The Gulf War and the Energy Crisis in India. Calcutta: School of International Relations and Strategic Studies, Jadavpur University, 1993.

Bansal, N.K., ed. Decentralised Energy: Options and Technology. New Delhi: Omega Scientific, 1993.

Bardhan, Pranab K. The Political Economy of Development in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Beberoglu, Berch, ed. Class, State, and Development in India. New Delhi: Sage, 1992.

Behari, Madhuri, and B. Behari. Indian Economy since Independence: Chronology of Events. Delhi: D.K. Publications, 1983.

Bhagwati, Jagdish, ed. India in Transition: Freeing the Economy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Bhargava, P.K. "Transfers from the Center to the States of India," Asian Survey, 24, No. 6, June 1984, 665-87.

Bhatt, V.V. Two Decades of Development: The Indian Experience. Bombay: Vora, 1973.

Bhavsar, Praful D. "The Indian Space Program." Pages 596-601 in Frank N. Magill, ed., Magill's Survey of Science, 2: Space Exploration Series. Pasadena, California: Salem, 1989.

Blanpied, William A. "The Astronomical Program of Raja Sawai Jai Singh II and Its Historical Context," Japanese Studies in the History of Science [Tokyo], No. 13, 1974, 87-126.

Blanpied, William A. "India's Scientific Development," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 50, No. 1, Spring 1977, 91-99.

Blanpied, William A. "Pioneer Scientists in Pre-Independence India," Physics Today, 39, No. 5, May 1986, 36-44.

Blanpied, William A. "Science in India," Journal for the History of Astronomy [Chalfont St. Giles, United Kingdom], 6, Pt. 2, No. 16, June 1975, 135-37.

Blanpied, William A. "Science, Technology, and India's Aspirations." Pages 129-60 in Marshall M. Bouton and Philip Oldenburg, eds., India Briefing, 1988. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1988.

Bookman, Milica Zarkovic. The Political Economy of Discontinuous Development: Regional Disparities and Inter-regional Conflict. New York: Praeger, 1991.

Bose, D.M., S.N. Sen, and B.V. Subbarayappa. A Concise History of Science in India. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1971.

Bradnock, Robert W., ed. India Handbook, 1996. 5th ed. Bath, United Kingdom: Trade and Travel, 1995.

Byrd, William A. "Planning in India: Lessons from Four Decades of Development Experience," Journal of Comparative Economics, 14, No. 4, December 1990, 713-35.

Byres, Terence J., ed. The State and Development Planning in India. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Chadwick, John. "Amlohri Gears Up," Mining Magazine [London], September 1993, 127-34.

Chakravarty, Shubhra. Atomic Energy in India. New Delhi: Batra, 1992.

Chakravarty, Sukhamoy. Development Planning: The Indian Experience. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987.

Chandhok, H.L. India Database. The Economy: Annual Time Series Data. New Delhi: Living Media India, 1990.

Chattopadhyaya, Debiprasad, ed. History of Science and Technology in Ancient India. 2 vols. Calcutta: Firma KLM, 1986-91.

Chaturvedi, Prem Sagar. Technology in Vedic Literature. New Delhi: Books and Books, 1993.

Chaudhuri, Pramit. The Indian Economy: Poverty and Development. New York, St. Martin's Press, 1979.

Choy, Jon. "Japan and South Asia: Obstacles and Opportunities," JEI Report, No. 48A, December 23, 1994, 1-18.

Dasgupta, Ajit K. A History of Indian Economic Thought. Routledge History of Economic Thought Series. London: Routledge, 1993.

Dedrick, Jason, and Kenneth L. Kraemer. "Information Technology in India: Quest for Self-Reliance," Asian Survey, 33, No. 5, May 1993, 463-92.

Devinder Singh. Akali Politics in Punjab, 1964-1985. New Delhi: National Book Organisation, 1993.

Dhar, Pannalal N. "The Indian Economy: Past Performance and Current Issues." Pages 3-22 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Westview Special Studies on South and Southeast Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Dhingra, Ishwar C. The Indian Economy: Resources, Planning, Development, and Problems. Delhi: Sultan Chand, 1983.

Echeverri-Gent, John. "Between State and Market: The Dynamics of Formulating Effective Technology Policy." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, 1993.

Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Profile: India, Nepal, 1992-93. London: 1992.

Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Profile: India, Nepal, 1993-94. London: 1993.

Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Report: India, Nepal [London], No. 2, 1993.

Economist Intelligence Unit. India to 1990: How Far Will Reform Go? London: 1986.

Frank, Brian. "Satellites and Plowshares: The Potential Demise of the Indian Space Program," Harvard International Review, 15, No. 3, Spring 1993, 54-55, 69-70.

Fujita, Natsuki. "Liberalization Policies and Productivity in India," Developing Economies [Tokyo], 32, No. 4, December 1994, 509-24.

Gandhi, P. Jegadish, ed. Economic Development and Policies in India. New Delhi: Har-Anand, 1994.

Ghosh, Arun, K.K. Subrahmanian, Mridul Eapen, and Haseeb A. Drabu, eds. Indian Industrialization: Structure and Policy Issues. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Goldsmith, Raymond W. The Financial Development of India, 1860-1977. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

Graziano, Milena. India's Motor Industry: Outlook to 2000. Special Report No. 2013. London: Economist Intelligence Unit, 1989.

Guhan, S. The World Bank's Lending in South Asia. Brookings Occasional Papers. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1995.

Gupta, S.P. Indian Science in the Eighties and After. Delhi: Ajanta, 1990.

Gupta, Suraj B. Black Income in India. New Delhi: Sage, 1992.

Gupta, Suraj B. Monetary Planning in India. London: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Hanson, James A., and Samuel S. Lieberman. India: Poverty, Employment, and Social Services. A World Bank Country Study. Washington: World Bank, 1989.

Heitzman, James. "Information Systems and Urbanization in South Asia," Contemporary South Asia [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 1, No. 3, 1992, 363-80.

Henderson, P.D. India: The Energy Sector. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1992. 60th ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1992.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

India. Council of Industrial and Scientific Research. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre. Directory of Scientific Research Institutions in India. New Delhi: 1969.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre. Directory of Scientific Research Institutions in India. New Delhi: 1989.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Indian National Documentation Centre. "INSDOC." (Brochure.) New Delhi: n.d.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Indian National Documentation Centre. "INSDOC: 40 Years, 1952-1992." (Brochure.) New Delhi: n.d.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies. Annual Report, 1990-91. Publication No. NISTADS-AR-1991. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies. NISTADS. New Delhi: n.d.

India. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. Publications and Information Directorate. Status Report on Science and Technology in India. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Department of Space. Annual Report, 1992-93. Bangalore: 1993.

India. Department of Space. Indian Space Research Organisation. "India in Space." (Pamphlet.) Bangalore: 1992.

India. Director General of Civil Aviation. Annual Report of the Civil Aviation Department, 1988. New Delhi: 1989.

India. Ministry of Finance. Economic Division. Economic Survey, 1990-91. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Ministry of Finance. Economic Division. Economic Survey, 1992-93. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Finance. Economic Division. Economic Survey, 1994-95. New Delhi: 1994.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals: Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1992. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity. Indian Economy: Prospects in the Power Sector. No. 2/33/92 PPI. New Delhi: March 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity. Indian Economy: Telecom Sector Poised for a Big Leap. No. 2/35/92 PPI. New Delhi: April 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity. Union Budget, 1993-94: Imparting a New Dynamism to the Indian Economy. No. 2/39/92 PPI. New Delhi: March 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1992: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: February 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1993: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: January 1994.

India. Ministry of Planning. Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Abstract 1990, India. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Ministry of Railways. Railway Board. Indian Railways Year Book, 1991-92. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of Science and Technology. Department of Science and Technology. Research and Development in Industry, 1992-93. New Delhi: 1994.

India. Planning Commission. Eighth Five Year Plan, 1992-97, 2: Sectoral Programmes of Development. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Reserve Bank. Department of Economic Analysis and Policy. India's Balance of Payments, 1948-49 to 1988-89. Bombay: July 1993.

Indian Academy of Sciences. Indian Academy of Sciences: The First Fifty Years. Bangalore: 1984.

Indian Academy of Sciences. Year Book, 1993. Bangalore: 1993.

Indian Institute of Science. Hand Book, 1992-93. Bangalore: 1992.

Indian Institute of Science. Centre for Scientific and Industrial Consultancy. CSIC--A Profile. Bangalore: January 1991.

Inoue, Kyoko. Industrial Development Policy of India. I.D.E. Occasional Papers Series, No. 27. Tokyo: Institute of Developing Economies, 1992.

Ishiguro, Masayasu, and Takamasa Akiyama. Energy Demand in Five Major Asian Developing Countries: Structure and Prospects. World Bank Discussion Papers, No. 277. Washington: World Bank, 1995.

Jain, Ashok, and V.P. Kharbanda. Status of Science and Technology in India. Country paper presented at the SAARC Workshop on Science Policy. New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies, 1988.

Jain, Nem Kumar. Science and Scientists in India (Vedic to Modern). Delhi: Indian Book Gallery, 1982.

Jalan, Bimal, ed. The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects. New Delhi: Viking, 1992.

Jalan, Bimal. India's Economic Crisis: The Way Ahead. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Jane's International ABC Aerospace Directory, 1994. 43d ed. Ed., Stephen Adams. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's International ABC Aerospace Directory, 1995. 44th ed. Ed., Ian Tandy. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1995.

Jane's Space Directory, 1994-94. 10th ed. Ed., Andrew Wilson. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Urban Transport Systems, 1994-95. 13th ed. Ed., Chris Bushell. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's World Railways, 1994-95. 36th ed. Ed., James Abbott. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Johnson, B.L.C. Development in South Asia. Harmondsworth, United Kingdom: Penguin, 1983.

Joshi, Vijay, and I.M.D. Little. India: Macroeconomics and Political Economy, 1964-1991. World Bank Macroeconomic Series. Washington: World Bank, 1994.

Kamath, Shyman J. "Foreign Aid and India: Financing the Leviathan State," Policy Analysis, No. 170, May 6, 1992, 1-26.

Khatkhate, Deena. "Productivity in Manufacturing as a Determinant of Growth: The India Case," World Development, 21, No. 9, September 1993, 1441-45.

Kochanek, Stanley A. "The Politics of Regulation: Rajiv's New Mantras," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics [London], 23, No. 3, November 1985, 189-211.

Kohli, Rajan. Structural Change in Indian Industries. New Delhi: Capital Foundation Society, 1994.

Krishna, Raj. "The Economic Development of India," Scientific American, 243, No. 3, September 1980, 166-77.

Krishnaswamy, K.S., ed. Poverty and Income Distribution. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Kumar, Dharma, and Meghnad Desai, eds. The Cambridge Economic History of India, 2: c.1757-c.1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Kuppuram, G., and K. Kumudamani, eds. History of Science and Technology in India. 12 vols. Delhi: Sundeep Prakashan, 1990.

Lall, Sanjaya. "India," World Development [Oxford], 12, Nos. 5-6, May-June 1984, 535-65.

Lipton, Michael, and John Toye. Does Aid Work in India? A Country Study of the Impact of Official Development Assistance. London: Routledge, 1990.

Lucas, Robert E.B. "India's Industrial Policy," Pages 185-202 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Westview Special Studies on South and Southeast Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Lucas, Robert E.B., and Gustav F. Papanek, eds. The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Maddox, John, and K.S. Jayaraman. "Science in India," Nature [London], 366, No. 6456, December 16, 1993, 611-26.

Mandal, S.K. Regional Disparities and Imbalances in India's Planned Economic Development. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1987.

Mehta, Fredie A. "Growth, Controls, and the Private Sector." Pages 203-13 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Mohan, R., and V. Aggarwal. "Comments and Controls: Planning for Indian Industrial Development," Journal of Comparative Economics, 14, No. 4, December 1990, 681-712.

Mongia, J.N. India's Economic Development Strategies, 1951-2000 A.D. New Delhi: Allied, 1986.

Morehouse, Ward. Science in India: Institution-Building and the Organizational System for Research and Development. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1971.

Mukerjee, Swati. "The Impact of Liberalizing Imports: India, a Case Study," Journal of Developing Areas, 28, No. 4, July 1994, 521-33.

Mukerji, S.K., and B.V. Subbarayappa, eds. Science in India: A Changing Profile. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy, 1984.

Mydral, Gunnar. Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations. 3 vols. New York: Pantheon, 1968.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. The Discovery of India. New York: Day, 1946. Reprint. Ed., Robert I. Crane. Garden City, New York: Anchor, 1960.

Papanek, Gustav F. "Poverty in India." Pages 121-41 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Patel, I.G. "On Taking India into the Twenty-First Century (New Economic Policy in India)," Modern Asian Studies [London], 21, Pt. 2, April 1987, 209-31.

Percy, Charles H. "South Asia's Take-Off," Foreign Affairs, 72, No. 5, Winter 1992-93, 166-74.

Petroleum Economist. "Energy Map of India." (Map.) London: October 1993.

Rahman, A. "Indian Muslims: A Historical Perspective." Pages 5-18 in Ratna Sahai, ed., Muslims in India. New Delhi: Ministry of External Affairs, 1989.

Rahman, Abdur, ed. Science and Technology in Indian Culture: A Historical Perspective. New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies, 1984.

Raj, K.N. New Economic Policy. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Ramaseshan, Sivaraj. "The Problems of Growing Science in India and Other Developing Countries: The Role of Academics," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 610, October 31, 1990, 141-49.

Ramaseshan, Sivaraj, and C. Ramachandra Rao, comps. C.V. Rama: A Pictorial Biography. Bangalore: Indian Academy of Sciences, 1988.

Ranganathan, V. "Electricity Privatization: The Case of India," Energy Policy, 21, No. 8, August 1993, 875-80.

Rangarajan, C. "India's Foreign Borrowing." Pages 253-70 in Robert E.B. Lucas and Gustav F. Papanek, eds., The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future Prospects. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988.

Rashid, Aneesa Ismail. "Trade, Growth, and Liberalization: The Indian Experience, 1977-1989," Journal of Developing Areas, 29, No. 3, April 1995, 355-70.

Ray, Animesh. Maritime India: Ports and Shipping. Calcutta: Pearl, 1993.

Ray, Rajat Kanta. Entrepreneurship and Industry in India, 1800-1947. Oxford in India Readings: Themes in Indian History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Ray, S.K. Indian Economy. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall, 1987.

Robinson, E.A.G., and Michael Kidron. Economic Development in South Asia: Proceedings of a Conference Held by the International Economic Association at Kandy, Ceylon. London: Macmilan, 1970.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Rosen, George. Contrasting Styles of Industrial Reform: China and India in the 1980s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Rothermund, Dietmar. An Economic History of India from Pre-colonial Times to 1986. London: Croom Helm, 1988.

Sangwan, Satpal. "Science Education in India under Colonial Constraints, 1792-1857," Oxford Review of Education [Oxford], 16, No. 1, 1990, 81-95.

Sato, Hiroshi. "The Political Economy of Central Budgetary Transfers to States in India, 1972-82," Developing Economies [Tokyo], 30, No. 4, December 1992, 347-76.

Schiff, Maurice. "The Impact of Two-Tier Producer and Consumer Food Pricing in India," World Bank Economic Review, 8, No. 1, January 1994, 103-25.

Sen, Amartya Kumar. "Indian Development: Lessons and Non-Lessons," Daedalus, 18, No. 4, Fall 1989, 369-92.

Shanti Jagannathan. EC and India in the 1990s: Towards Corporate Synergy. New Delhi: Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, 1993.

Singh, Navjyoti. "Foundations of Logic in Ancient India: Linguistics and Mathematics." Pages 79-106 in A. Rahman, ed., Science and Technology in Indian Culture. New Delhi: National Institute of Science, Technology, and Development Studies, 1984.

Singh, Prahlad. Jantar-Mantars of India (Stone Observatories). Jaipur: Holiday Publications, 1986.

Singh, Virendra. "Tata Institute of Fundamental Research." (Unpublished text of lecture.) Bombay: n.d.

Sinha, Ajit Kumar, ed. New Economic Policy of India: Restructuring and Liberalizing the Economy for the 21st Century. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1994.

Sinha, R.K., ed. Economic Development since Independence. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1988.

Sinha, R.K., ed. The Great Ascent: The Rural Poor in South Asia. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Sinha, R.K., ed. Planning and Development in India. New Delhi: Har-Anand, 1994.

Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies and Industries. Directory of Indian Aerospace, 1993. Bangalore: Interline, 1993.

Sondhi, Sunil. Science, Technology, and India's Foreign Policy. Delhi: Anamika Prakashan, 1994.

South Asian Handbook: India and the Indian Sub-Continent, 1994. 2d ed. Ed., Robert W. Bradnock. Bath, United Kingdom: Trade and Travel, 1993.

Sridharan, E. "Economic Liberalism and India's Political Economy: Towards a Paradigm Synthesis," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics [London], 31, No. 3, November 1993, 1-31.

Sridharan, E. "Leadership Time Horizons in India: The Impact on Economic Restructuring," Asian Survey, 31, No. 12, December 1991, 1200-13.

Streeten, Paul, and Michael Lipton, eds. The Crisis of Indian Planning: Economic Planning in the 1960s. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.

Subbarayappa, B.V. In Pursuit of Excellence: A History of the Indian Institute of Science. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1992.

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. Annual Report, 1991-92. Ed., S.K. Mitra. Bombay: 1992.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1988-89. 16th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1989.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1992-93. 20th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1992.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1994-95. 21st ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1994.

Thomas, Richard. India's Emergence as an Industrial Power: Middle Eastern Contracts. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon, 1982.

Tytler, Jagdish. "India's Transportation Opportunities," Leaders, 17, No. 4, December 1994, 217.

United Nations. Development Programme. Human Development Report, 1993. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.

United Nations. Industrial Development Organization. New Dimensions of Industrial Growth. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence. Handbook of International Economic Statistics. CPAS 94-1001. Washington: September 1994.

United States. National Science Foundation. Human Resources for Science and Technology: The Asian Region. Surveys of Science Resources Series, NSF 93-303. Washington: 1993.

United States. Trade and Development Agency. "The Trade and Development Agency in India." (Brochure.) Washington: September 1993.

Vaidyanathan, A. "The Indian Economy since Independence, 1947-1970." Pages 947-95 in Dharma Kumar and Meghnad Desai, eds., Cambridge Economic History of India, 2: c.1757-c.1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Verma, R.K., and Anupama Verma. Evaluation and Impact of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana. New Delhi: Mohit, 1994.

Wallich, Christine, Raja J. Chelliah, and Narain Sinha, eds. State Finances in India. 3 vols. World Bank Staff Working Paper, No. 523. Washington: World Bank, 1982.

West, Jim, ed. International Petroleum Encyclopedia. Tulsa, Oklahoma: PennWell, 1992.

World Bank. Economic Developments in India: Achievements and Challenges. World Bank Country Study. Washington: 1995

World Bank. India: Recent Economic Developments and Prospects. A World Bank Country Study. Washington: 1995.

World Bank. Country Operations Industry and Finance Division. India: Country Economic Memorandum: Recent Developments: Achievements and Challenges. Report No. 14402-IN. Washington: May 30, 1995.

World Bank. Operations Evaluation Department. World Bank Support for Industrialization in Korea, India, and Indonesia. World Bank Operations Evaluation Study. Washington: 1992.

The World of Learning, 1995. 45th ed. London: Europa, 1994.

World Radio TV Handbook, 1995. 49th ed. Ed., Andrew G. Sennitt. Amsterdam: Billboard, 1995.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Asian Wall Street Journal [Hong Kong], 1992-93; Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 1993-94; Defense News , 1993; Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1984-92; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1993-95; Financial Times [London], 1994; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia , 1993-95; International Railway Journal and Rapid Transit Review [Falmouth], 1993-94; New York Times , 1994; Sainik Samachar [New Delhi], 1994; and Washington Post , 1994-95.)

Chapter 7

Acharya, K.C.S. Food Security System of India: Evolution of the Buffer Stocking Policy and Its Evaluation. New Delhi: Concept, 1983.

Alderman, Harold, George Mergos, and Roger Slade. Cooperatives and the Commercialization of Milk Production in India: A Liturature Review. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute, 1987.

Ansari, Nasim, ed. Agrarian Structure, Land Reform, and Agricultural Growth in India. Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Attwood, D.W., and B.S. Baviskar, eds. Who Shares? Co-operatives and Rural Development. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Bagchi, Kathkali S. Drought-Prone India: Problems and Perspectives. 2 vols. New Delhi: Agricole, 1991.

Bahuguna, Vinod Kumar, Vinay Luthra, and Brij McMan Singh Rathor. "Collective Forest Management in India," Ambio [Stockholm], 23, No. 4-5, July 1994, 269-73.

Baral, Lok Raj. "India-Nepal Relations: Continuity and Change," Asian Survey, 32, No. 9, September 1992, 815-29.

Bardhan, Pranab K. "Demographic Effects on Agricultural Proletarianization: The Evidence from India." Pages 175-83 in Ronald D. Lee, W. Brian Arthur, Allen C. Kelley, Gerry Rodgers, and T.N. Srinivasan, eds., Population, Food, and Rural Development. International Studies in Demography. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988.

Bardhan, Pranab K. Land, Labor, and Rural Poverty: Essays in Development Economics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Baxi, Upendra, and Bhikhu Parekh, eds. Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Bhalla, A.S., and A.K.N. Reddy, eds. The Technological Transformation of Rural India. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Bhalla, G.S, and Y.K. Alagh. Performance of Indian Agriculture: A Districtwide Study. New Delhi: Sterling, 1979.

Bhalla, G.S., and D.S. Tyagi. Patterns in Indian Agricultural Development: A District Level Study. New York: Institute for Studies in Industrial Development, 1989.

Bhatia, B.M. Indian Agriculture: A Policy Perspective. New Delhi: Sage, 1988.

Bhatta, Sitesh. Agricultural Price Policy and Production in India. Delhi: Konark, 1991.

Bhuleshkar, Ashok Vasant, ed. Indian Economy in the World Setting. Bombay: Himalaya, 1988.

Blyn, George. Agricultural Trends in India, 1891-1947: Output, Availability, and Productivity. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966.

Brass, Paul, ed. "New Farmers' Movements in India," Journal of Peasant Studies [London], 21, Nos. 3-4, April-July 1994, 1-286.

Dahiya, L.N. Dynamics of Economic Life in Rural India. Delhi: Gian, 1991.

Dantwala, M.L., et al. Indian Agricultural Development since Independence: A Collection of Essays. New Delhi: Oxford University Press and IBH, 1986.

de Janury, Alain, and K. Subbarao. Agricultural Price Policy and Income Distribution in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Desai, Vasant. A Study of Rural Economics: A Systems Approach. Bombay: Himalaya, 1983.

Dhawan, B.D. The Big Dams: Claims and Counter Claims. New Delhi: Commonwealth, 1981.

Dhawan, B.D. "Water Resource Management in India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics [Bombay], 44, No. 3, July-September 1989, 233-41.

Diwakar, D.M. Agriculture and Industry: Dynamics of Imbalances in India. New Delhi: Manak, 1991.

Doornbos, Martin, Frank Van Borsten, Manoshi Mitra, and Piet Terhal. Dairy Aid and Development: India's Operation Flood. New Delhi: Sage, 1990.

Ghosh, Ambica. Emerging Capitalism in Indian Agriculture, 1: The Historical Roots of Its Uneven Development. New Delhi: People's, 1988.

Gillespie, Stuart, and Geraldine McNeill. Food, Health, and Survival in India and Developing Countries. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Goyal, S.K. Agricultural Prices and Its Impact on the Indian Economy: A Case Study of Haryana. New Delhi: Classical, 1992.

Hazell, Peter B.R., and C. Ramasamy. The Green Revolution Reconsidered: The Impact of High-Yielding Rice Varieties in South India. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

Hindustan Year Book and Who's Who, 1994. 62d ed. Ed., S. Sarkar. Calcutta: M.C. Sarkar, 1994.

India. Ministry of Agriculture. Department of Agricultural Research and Education Report, 1988-89. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Annual Report, 1991-92. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Annual Report, 1994-95. New Delhi: 1994.

India. Ministry of Agriculture. Department of Agriculture and Co-operation. Directorate of Economics and Statistics. Agricultural Situation in India. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Ministry of Agriculture. Fisheries Division. Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics, 1991. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of Finance. Economic Division. Economic Survey, 1991-92, 2: Sectoral Developments. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of Finance. Economic Division. Economic Survey, 1993-94. New Delhi: 1994.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1992: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: February 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1993: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: January 1994.

India. Ministry of Planning. Department of Statistics. Central Statistical Organisation. Statistical Abstract 1990, India. New Delhi: 1991.

India. Planning Commission. Eighth Five Year Plan, 1992-97, 1: Objectives, Perspectives, Macro Dimensions, Policy Framework, and Resources. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Planning Commission. Eighth Five Year Plan, 1992-97, 2: Sectoral Programmes of Development. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Planning Commission. Sixth Five Year Plan, 1980-85. New Delhi: 1992.

Jakhade, M., and H.B. Shivamaggi. "Inter-District Comparisons of Agricultural Development and Spread of Banking Facilities in Rural Areas," Reserve Bank of India Bulletin [Bombay], 23, No. 10, October 1969, 1559-1615.

Jannuzi, F. Tomasson. India's Persistent Dilemma: The Political Economy of Agrarian Reform. Boulder: Colorado: Westview Press, 1994.

Jha, P.R. Agriculture and Economic Development. New Delhi: Ashish, 1988.

Kapila, Uma, ed. Indian Economy since Independence: Different Aspects of Agricultural Development. Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1990.

Kashyap, Subhash C., ed. National Policy Studies. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill for the Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1990.

Lele, Uma, and A.A. Goldsmith. "The Development of National Agricultural Research Capacity: India's Experience with the Rockefeller Foundation and Its Significance for Africa," Economic Development and Cultural Change, 37, No. 2, January 1989, 305-43.

Maheshwari, Shriram. Rural Development in India: A Public Policy Approach. 2d ed. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Mandal, Gobinda. Technology, Growth, and Welfare in Indian Agriculture. New Delhi: Agricole, 1989.

Mellor, John W., and Gunvant M. Desai. Agricultural Change and Rural Poverty: Variations on a Theme by Dharm Narain. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1986.

Narain, Dharm. Impact of Price Movements on Areas under Selected Crops in India, 1900-1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957.

Narain, Dharm. "Growth and Imbalances in Indian Agriculture," Journal of the Indian Society of Agricultural Statistics [New Delhi], 24, No. 1, June 1972, 9-20.

Narain, Dharm. Studies on Indian Agriculture. Eds., K.N. Raj, Amratya Sen, and C.H. Hanumantha Rao. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Narayana, N.S.S., K.S. Parikh, and T.N. Srinivasan. Agriculture, Growth, and Redistribution of Income: Policy Analysis with a General Equilibirum Model of India. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1991.

"NGO-Government Interaction in India." Pages 91-188 in John Farrington and David J. Lewis, eds., Non-Governmental Organizations and the State in Asia: Rethinking Roles in Sustainable Agricultural Development. Non-Governmental Organizations Series. London: Routledge, 1993.

Raghuram, Parvati. "Invisible Female Agricultural Labour in India." Pages 109-19 in Janet Henshall Momsen and Vivian Kinnaird, eds., Different Places, Different Voices: Gender and Development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. International Studies of Women and Place. London: Routledge, 1993.

Ravindranath, N.H., and D.O. Hall. "Indian Forest Conservation and Tropical Deforestation," Ambio [Stockholm], 23, No. 8, December 1994, 521-23.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Sehgal, J.L., D.K. Mondal, C. Mondal, and S. Vadivelo. Agro-Ecological Regions of India. Technical Bulletin, NBSS Publication, No. 24. Nagpur: National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 1990.

Sharma, Rita, and Thomas T. Poleman. The New Economics of India's Green Revolution: Income and Employment Diffusion in Uttar Pradesh. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993.

Sheth, Pravin N. "The Sardar Sarovar Project: Ecopolitics of Development," Pages 400-31 in Upendra Baxi and Bhikhu Parekh, eds., Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Shome, K.B., and S.P. Raychaudhri. "Rating Soils of India," Proceedings of the National Institute of Sciences of India [New Delhi], 26, Part A, Supplement 1, December 1960, 260-89.

Srinivasan, T.N., ed. Agriculture and Trade in China and India: Policy and Performance since 1950. San Francisco: International Center for Economic Growth, 1994.

Subrahmanya, Susheela, and I. Satya Sundaram, eds. Growth of Agriculture and Rural Development in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1987.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1988-89. 16th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1989.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1992-93. 20th ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1992.

Tata Services. Department of Economics and Statistics. Statistical Outline of India, 1994-95. 21st ed. Ed., B.S. Gupta. Bombay: 1994.

Thornton, Thomas P. "India Adrift: The Search for Moorings in a New World Order," Asian Survey, 32, No. 12, December 1992, 1063-77.

United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis. Statistical Division. Statistical Yearbook, 1992. 39th ed. New York: 1994.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence. Handbook of International Economic Statistics. CPAS 94-1001. Washington: September 1994.

United States. Department of Agriculture. Foreign Agricultural Service. Foreign Agriculture, 1990-91. Washington: August 1991.

United States. Department of Agriculture. Foreign Agricultural Service. Foreign Agriculture, 1992. Washington: December 1992.

United States. Embassy in New Delhi. Annual Commodity Report, Oilseeds and Products, 1992. New Delhi: 1992.

United States. Embassy in New Delhi. India: Agricultural Situation, Annual Report, 1992. CERP Series, No. IN-2023. Washington: United States Department of Agriculture, 1992.

Varma, Rameswari. "Assessing Rural Development Programmes in India from a Gender Perspective." Pages 120-30 in Janet Henshall Momsen and Vivian Kinnaird, eds., Different Places, Different Voices: Gender and Development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. International Studies of Women and Place. London: Routledge, 1993.

Washbrook, David A. "The Commercialization of Agriculture in Colonial India: Production, Subsistence, and Reproduction in the 'Dry South', c. 1870-1930," Modern Asian Studies [London], 28, Pt. 1, February 1994, 129-64.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1987-95; New York Times , 1993; and Times of India [New Delhi], 1993.)

Chapter 8

Agrawal, Suren. Government and Politics in India: A Bibliographical Study of Contemporary Scenario Chronicling Rajiv Gandhi Era. New Delhi: Concept, 1993.

Ahuja, Gurdas M. BJP and the Indian Politics: Politics and Programmes of the Bharatiya Janata Party. New Delhi: Ram, 1994.

Akbar, M.J. Kashmir: Behind the Vale. New Delhi: Viking, 1991.

Akbar, M.J. The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation's Unity. London: Penguin, 1985.

Alexander, K.C. "Caste Mobilization and Class Consciousness: The Emergence of Agrarian Movements in Kerala and Tamil Nadu." Pages 362-413 in Francine R. Frankel and M.S.A. Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order, 1. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Amin, Shahid. "Gandhi as Mahatma: Gorakhpur District, Eastern UP, 1921-2." Pages 1-61 in Ranajit Guha, ed., Subaltern Studies, 3. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Anand, C.L., and H.N. Seth. Constitutional Law and History of Government of India, Government of India Act, 1935, and the Constitution of India. 7th ed. Allahabad: University Book Agency, 1992.

Andersen, Walter K. "India in 1994: Economics to the Fore," Asian Survey, 35, No. 2, February 1995, 127-39.

Andersen, Walter K. "India's 1991 Elections: The Uncertain Verdict," Asian Survey, 31, No. 10, October 1991, 976-89.

Andersen, Walter K., and Shridhar D. Damle. The Brotherhood in Saffron: The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and Hindu Revivalism. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1987.

Austin, Dennis. Democracy and Violence in India and Sri Lanka. Chatham House Papers. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1995.

Austin, Granville. The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

Baar, Carl. "Social Action Litigation in India: The Operation and Limitations of the World's Most Active Judiciary," Policy Studies Journal, 19, No. 1, September 1990, 140-50.

Bajpai, K. Shankar. "India in 1991: New Beginnings," Asian Survey, 32, No. 2, February 1992, 207-16.

Balaram, Nhalileveettil Edapalath. A Short History of the Communist Party of India. Trivandrum: Prabhath, 1967.

Barnett, Marguerite Ross. The Politics of Cultural Natonalism in South India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Baruah, Sanjib. "The State and Separatist Militancy in Assam: Winning a Battle or Losing the War?" Asian Survey, 34, No. 10, October 1994, 863-77.

Basu, Amrita. Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Baxi, Upendra. Courage, Craft, and Contentions: The Indian Supreme Court in the Eighties. Bombay: Tripathi, 1985.

Baxi, Upendra. The Crisis of the Indian Legal System. New Delhi: Vikas, 1982.

Baxi, Upendra, and Bhikhu Parekh, eds. Crisis and Change in Contemporary India. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Baxter, Craig, Yogendra K. Malik, Charles H. Kennedy, and Robert C. Oberst. Government and Politics in South Asia. 3d ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Bhargava, P.K. "Transfers from the Center to the States of India," Asian Survey, 24, No. 6, June 1984, 665-87.

Blaustein, Albert P., ed. "India Supplement," Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, April 1989.

Blaustein, Albert P., and Gisbert Flanz, eds. "India," Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, October 1990.

Brass, Paul R. Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison. New Delhi: Sage, 1991.

Brass, Paul R. Factional Politics in an Indian State: The Congress Party in Uttar Pradesh. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

Brass, Paul R. The New Cambridge History of India, IV.1: The Politics of India since Independence. 2d ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Brass, Paul R. "The Punjab Crisis and the Unity of India." Pages 169-213 in Atul Kohli, ed., India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Brass, Paul R. "The Rise of the BJP and the Future of Party Politics in Uttar Pradesh." Pages 255-92 in Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly, eds., India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Butler, David, Ashok Lahiri, and Prannoy Roy. India Decides: Elections 1952-1991. 2d ed. New Delhi: Living Media India, 1991.

Calman, Leslie J. Toward Empowerment: Women and Politics in India. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Chatterjee, Partha. "Gandhi and the Critique of Civil Society." Pages 153-95 in Ranajit Guha, and Gayatri Chatravorty, eds., Subaltern Studies: Writings on South Asian History and Society, 3. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1984.

Chaudhuri, Joyotpaul. "Federalism and the Siamese Twins: Diversity and Entropy in India's Domestic and Foreign Policy," International Journal [Toronto], 48, No. 3, Summer 1993, 448-69.

Chopra, J.K. Women in the Indian Parliament: A Critical Study of Their Role. New Delhi: Mittal, 1993.

Clive, John. Macaulay: The Shaping of the Historian. New York: Knopf, 1973.

Clive, John, and Thomas Pinney, eds. Thomas Babington Macaulay: Selected Writings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

Cohn, Bernard S. "History and Anthropology: The State of Play," Comparative Studies in Society and History [Cambridge], 22, No. 2, April 1980, 198-221.

Crossette, Barbara. India: Facing the Twenty-First Century. The Essential Asia Series. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.

Das Gupta, Joyotirindra. "India 1979: The Prize Chair and the People's Share--Electoral Diversion and Economic Rehears-al," Asian Survey, 20, No. 2, February 1980, 176-87.

Dhar, Pannanlal N. Preventive Detention under Indian Constitution. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1986.

Dhavan, Rajeev. Litigation Explosion in India. Bombay: Tripathi, 1986.

Dirks, Nicholas S. The Hollow Crown. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Dua, Bhagwan D. "Federalism or Patrimonialism: The Making and Unmaking of Chief Ministers in India," Asian Survey, 25, No. 8, August 1985, 793-804.

Echeverri-Gent, John. The State and The Poor: Public Policy and Political Development in India and the United States. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Eisenstadt, S.N. "Dissent, Heterodoxy, and Civilization Dynamics: Some Analytical and Comparative Implications." Pages 1-10 in S.N. Eisenstadt, Reuven Kahane, and David Shulman, eds., Orthodoxy, Heterodoxy, and Dissent in India. Religion and Society, No. 23. New York: Mouton, 1984.

Engineer, Asghar Ali. Communalism and Communal Violence in India: An Analytical Approach to Hindu Muslim Conflict. Delhi: Ajanta, 1989.

Engineer, Ashghar Ali, and Pradeep Nayak, eds. Communalisation of Politics and 10th Lok Sabha Elections. Delhi: Ajanta, 1993.

Estava, Gustavo, and Madhu Suri Prakash. "Grassroots Resistance to Sustainable Development: Lessons from the Banks of the Narmada," Ecologist, 22, No. 2, March-April 1992, 45-51.

Farmer, Victoria L. "Politics and Airways: The Evolution of Television in India." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Asian Studies, Boston, March 23-27, 1994.

Fickett, Lewis P., Jr. "The Rise and Decline of the Janata Dal," Asian Survey, 33, No. 12, December 1993, 1151-62.

Frankel, Francine R. "Conclusion: Decline of a Social Order." Pages 382-417 in Francine R. Frankel and M.S.A. Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order, 2. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Frankel, Francine R. "India's Democracy in Transition," World Policy Journal, 7, No. 4, Summer 1990, 521-55.

Frankel, Francine R. India's Political Economy, 1947-1977. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978.

Frankel, Francine R., and M.S.A. Rao, eds. Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order. 2 vols. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989-90.

Gadgil, Madhav, and Ramachandra Guha. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Ganguly, Sumit. "Avoiding War in Kashmir," Foreign Affairs, 69, No. 5, Winter 1990-1991, 57-73.

Ganguly, Sumit, and Kanti Bajpai. "India and the Crisis in Kashmir," Asian Survey, 34, No. 5, May 1994, 401-16.

George, Sudhir Jacob. "Bodo Movement in Assam: Unrest to Accord," Asian Survey, 34, No. 10, October 1994, 878-92.

Ghosh, Partha S. "Foreign Policy and Electoral Politics in India: Inconsequential Connection," Asian Survey, 34, No. 9, September 1994, 807-17.

Goswami, B. The Indian Parliamentary Scene. Jaipur: Pointer, 1994.

Gould, Harold A. "Modern Politics in an Indian District: 'Natural Selection' and 'Selective Co-optation'." Pages 217-48 in Richard Sisson and Ramashray Roy, eds., Diversity and Dominance in Indian Politics. New Delhi: Sage, 1990.

Gould, Harold A., and Sumit Ganguly, eds. India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Goyel, Purushottam. Delhi's March Towards Statehood. New Delhi: UBS, 1993.

Graham, B.D. Hindu Nationalism and Indian Politics: The Origins and Development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Grover, Verinder, and Ranjana Arora, eds. Development of Politics and Government in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1994.

Gupta, Akhil, and James Ferguson. "Beyond `Culture:' Space Identity and the Politics of Difference," Cultural Anthropology, 7, No. 1, February 1992, 6-23.

Hachten, William A. The Growth of Media in the Third World. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1993.

Hardgrave, Robert L., Jr. Under Pressure: Prospects for Political Stability. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

Hardgrave, Robert L., Jr., and Stanley A. Kochanek. India: Government and Politics in a Developing Nation. 5th ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1993.

Hauser, Walter. "Violence, Agrarian Radicalism, and the Audibility of Dissent: Electoral Politics and the Indian People's Front." Pages 341-79 in Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly, eds., India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Hauser, Walter, and Wendy Singer. "The Democratic Rite: Celebration and Participation in the Indian Elections," Asian Survey, 26, No. 9, September 1986, 941-58.

Hewitt, Vernon. "Undoing the Centre? The Sarkaria Commission and the National Front Government in India." Pages 183-96 in Subrata K. Mitra and James Chiriyankandath, eds., Electoral Politics in India: A Changing Landscape. New Delhi: Segment 1992.

India. Backward Classes Commission. Report of the Backward Classes Commission, Government of India. 3 vols. Delhi: 1982-83.

India. Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. Report of the Committee on Panchayat Raj Institutions. New Delhi: 1978.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India, 1994: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: 1995.

India. Planning Commission. Report of the Committee for the Study of Community Projects and National Extension Service. (Chair, Balwantrai Mehta.) New Delhi: 1957.

India. Planning Commission. Seventh Five Year Plan, 1985-1990. New Delhi: 1985.

"India." Pages 294-356 in The Far East and Australasia, 1995. 26th ed. London: Europa, 1995.

Jagmohan. My Frozen Turbulence in Kashmir. New Delhi: Allied, 1991.

Jones, Kenneth W. The New Cambridge History of India, III. 1: Socio-Religious Reform Movements in British India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Joshi, Shashi. Struggle for Hegemony in India, 1920-47: The Colonial State, the Left, and the National Movement. 3 vols. New Delhi: Sage, 1991.

Khator, Renu. Environment, Development, and Politics in India. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1991.

Kishwar, Madhu, and Ruth Vanita. "Indian Women: A Decade of New Ferment." Pages 131-52 in Marshall M. Bouton and Philip Oldenberg, eds., India Briefing, 1989. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with the Asia Society, 1989.

Kochanek, Stanley A. "Briefcase Politics in India: The Congress Party and the Business Elite," Asian Survey, 27, No. 12, December 1987, 1279-1301.

Kochanek, Stanley A. The Congress Party of India. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.

Kochanek, Stanley A. "Mrs. Gandhi's Pyramid." Pages 93-124 in Henry C. Hart, ed., Indira Gandhi's India: A Political System Reappraised. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1976.

Kohli, A.B. First Citizens of India: Dr. Rajendra Prasad to Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma: Profile and Bibliography. New Delhi: Reliance, 1995.

Kohli, Atul. Democracy and Discontent: India's Growing Crisis of Governability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Kohli, Atul. "From Elite Activism to Democratic Consolidation: The Rise of Reform Communism in West Bengal." Pages 367-415 in Francine R. Frankel and M.S.A. Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order, 2. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Kohli, Atul. "The NTR Phenomenon in Andhra Pradesh: Political Change in a South Indian State," Asian Survey, 28, No. 10, October 1988, 991-1017.

Kohli, Atul. The State and Poverty in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Kopf, David. The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979.

Kothari, Rajni. "The Congress 'System' in India," Asian Survey, 4, No. 12, December 1964, 1161-73.

Kothari, Rajni. "Continuity and Change in the Indian Party System," Asian Survey, 10, No. 11, November 1970, 937-48.

Kothari, Rajni. Politics in India. Boston: Little, Brown, 1970.

Kothari, Rajni. State Against Democracy: In Search of Humane Governance. Delhi: Ajanta, 1988.

Kothari, Smitu. "Social Movements and the Redefinition of Democracy." Pages 131-62 in Philip Oldenburg, ed., India Briefing, 1993. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1993.

Krishen, Pradip. "Cinema and Television." Pages 159-79 in Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly, eds., India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Kumar, Dharma. "The Affirmative Action Debate in India," Asian Survey, 33, No. 3, March 1992, 290-302.

Lawson, Edward, ed. Encyclopedia of Human Rights. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1989.

Lewis, D.S., and D.J. Sagar, eds. Political Parties of Asia and the Pacific: A Reference Guide. Harlow, United Kingdom: Gale Research, 1992.

Limaye, Madhu. Janata Party Experiment. Delhi: B.R. Publishing, 1994.

Maheshwari, Shriram. Indian Administrative System. New Delhi: Jawahar, for the Centre for Political and Administrative Studies, 1994.

Maheshwari, Shriram. The Mandal Commission and Mandalisation: A Critique. New Delhi: Concept, 1991.

Malik, Yogendra K., and Jesse F. Marquette. Political Mercenaries and Citizen Soldiers: A Profile of North Indian Party Activities. Delhi: Chanakya, 1990.

Malik, Yogendra K., and V.B. Singh. "Bharatiya Janata Party: An Alternative to the Congress (I) to Govern?" Asian Survey, 32, No. 4, April 1992, 318-36.

Mallick, Ross. Indian Communism: Opposition, Collaboration, and Institutionalization. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Mangal Deo, Jai. "Voluntary Agencies vis-à-vis Government," Yojana [New Delhi], 31, No. 4, March 1-15, 1987, 11-13.

Manor, James. "How and Why Liberal and Representative Politics Emerged in India," Political Studies [Oxford], 38, No. 1, March 1990, 20-38.

Manor, James. "Innovative Leadership in Modern India: M.K. Gandhi, Nehru, and I. Gandhi." Pages 187-214 in Gabriel Sheffer, ed., Innovative Leaders in International Politics. SUNY Series in Leadership Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.

Manor, James. "Parties and the Party System." Pages 62-98 in Atul Kohli, ed., India's Democracy: An Analysis of Changing State-Society Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988.

Manor, James. "Party Decay and Political Crisis in India," Washington Quarterly, 4, No. 3, Summer 1981, 25-40.

Mathur, Kuldeep. "The State and the Use of Coercive Power in India," Asian Survey, 32, No. 4, April 1992, 337-49.

Mathur, Kuldeep, and J.W. Bjorkman. Top Policy Makers in India (Cabinet Ministers and Their Civil Service Advisers). New Delhi: Concept, 1994.

Matthew, George, ed. Panchayati Raj in Karnataka Today. New Delhi: Institute of Social Sciences and Concept, 1986.

Mehrotra. N.C. The Socialist Movement in India. New Delhi: Radiant, 1995.

Meyer, Ralph C., and David S. Malcolm. "Voting in India: Effects of Economic Change and New Party Formation," Asian Survey, 33, No. 5, May 1993, 507-19.

Misra, B.B. The Indian Middle Classes: Their Growth in Modern Times. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1961.

Mitra, Subrata K. Power, Protest, and Participation: Local Elites and Development in India. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Moog, Robert. "Indian Litigiousness and the Litigation Explosion: Challenging the Legend," Asian Survey, 33, No. 12, December 1993, 1136-50.

Morris-Jones, W.H. Politics Mainly Indian. Madras: Orient Longman, 1978.

Mukherjee, Bimal Chandra. Administration in Changing India. New Delhi: Blaze, 1994.

Mundle, Sudipto, and M. Govinda Rao. "Issues in Fiscal Policy." Pages 228-45 in Bimal Jalan, ed., The Indian Economy: Problems and Prospects. New Delhi: Viking, 1992.

Myrdal, Jan. India Waits. Trans., Alan Bernstein. Chicago: Lake View Press, 1986.

Nadkarni, M.V. Farmers' Movement in India. Ahmedabad: Allied, 1987.

Nicholas, Nugent. "Rajiv Gandhi and the Congress Party--The Road to Defeat." Pages 43-52 in Subrata K. Mitra and James Chiriyankandath, eds., Electoral Politics in India: A Changing Landscape. New Delhi: Segment, 1992.

Nossiter, T.J. Marxist State Governments in India. London: Pinter, 1988.

Oldenburg, Philip. "Politics: How Threatening a Crisis?" Pages 1-9 in Philip Oldenburg, ed., India Briefing, 1991. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1991.

Omvedt, Gail. "Kanshi Ram and the Bahujan Smaj Party." Pages 153-69 in K.L. Sharma, ed., Caste and Class in India. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

Omvedt, Gail. Reinventing Revolution: New Social Movements and the Socialist Tradition in India. Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1993.

Overstreet, Gene D., and Marshall Windmiller. Communism in India. 2d ed. Bombay: Perennial, 1960.

Peritore, N. Patrick. "Environmental Attitudes of Indian Elites: Challenging Western Postmodernist Models," Asian Survey, 33, No. 8, August 1993, 804-18.

Pravin, Anand, and Albert P. Blaustein, eds. "India Supplement,"Constitutions of the Countries of the World, 10. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Oceana, January 1992.

Press Trust of India. The Tenth Round: Story of Indian Elections 1991. Calcutta: Rupa, 1991.

Rajagopal, Arvind. "The Rise of National Programming: The Case of Indian Television, Media," Media, Culture, and Society [London], 15, No. 1, January 1993, 91-111.

Rao, Hemlata. "Financial Relations," Seminar [New Delhi], No. 357, May 1989, 31-35.

Ray, Ashwini. "Towards the Concepts of a Post-Colonial Democracy." Pages 127-49 in Zoya Hasan, S.N. Jha, and Rasheeduddin Khan, eds., The State Political Processes and Identity: Reflections on Modern India. New Delhi: Sage, 1988.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Robinson, Francis, and Paul R. Brass. "Introduction: The Development of the Indian National Congress." Pages 1-57 in Paul R. Brass and Francis Robinson, eds., The Indian National Congress and Indian Society, 1885-1985. Delhi: Chanakya, 1987.

Roy, Ramashray. "India in 1992: Search for Safety," Asian Survey, 33, No. 2, February 1993, 119-28.

Rubin, Barnett R. "The Civil Liberties Movement in India: New Approaches to the State and Social Change," Asian Survey, 27, No. 3, March 1987, 371-92.

Rubinoff, Arthur G. "India at the Crossroads," Journal of Asian and Africa Studies [Leiden], 28, Nos. 3-4, July-October 1993, 198-216.

Rudolph, Lloyd I. "The Faltering Novitiate: Rajiv at Home and Abroad in 1988." Pages 1-33 in Marshall M. Bouton and Philip Oldenburg, eds., India Briefing, 1989. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with the Asia Society, 1989.

Rudolph, Lloyd I. "The Media and Cultural Politics." Pages 159-79 in Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly, eds., India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Rudolph, Lloyd I. "The Subcontinental Empire and the Regional Kingdom in Indian State Formation." (Unpublished manuscript.) University of Chicago: 1990.

Rudolph, Lloyd I. "Why Rajiv Gandhi's Death Saved the Congress: How an Event Affected the Outcome of the 1991 Election." Pages 436-47 in Harold A. Gould and Sumit Ganguly, eds., India Votes: Alliance Politics and Minority Governments in the Ninth and Tenth General Elections. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph. The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph. In Pursuit of Lakshmi: The Political Economy of the Indian State. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph. "Organisational Adaptation of the Congress under Rajiv Gandhi's Leadership." Pages 85-102 in Richard Sisson and Ramashray Roy, eds., Diversity and Dominance in Indian Politics, 1: Changing Bases of Congress Support. New Delhi: Sage, 1990.

Rudolph, Susan Hoeber. "Comparative Perspectives on the History of State Formation in India." Pages 15-29 in Subrata K. Mitra and James Chiriyankandath, eds., Electoral Politics in India: A Changing Landscape. New Delhi: Segment, 1992.

Sarkar, Sumit. Modern India, 1885-1947. Madras: Macmillan, 1983.

Sathe, S.P. Constitutional Amendments in India, 1950-1988: Law and Politics. Bombay: Tripathi, 1989.

Saxena, Rekha. Indian Politics in Transition: From Dominance to Chaos. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1994.

Sen Gupta, Bhabani. Communism in Indian Politics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.

Sethi, Harsh,and Smitu Kothari, eds. The Non-Party Process: Uncertain Alternatives. Delhi: Lokayan/UNRISD, 1985.

Sharma, K.L., ed. Caste and Class in India. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

Sharma, P.D., and Ramesh Kumar. "Legislators in an Indian State: A Study in Social Characteristics," Asian Survey, 32, No. 11, November 1992, 1000-11.

Shehth, D.L., and Harsh Sethi. "The NGO Sector in India: Historical Context and Current Discourse," Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Non-Profit Organizations [Manchester], 2, No. 2, November 1991, 49-68.

Singh, Gurharpal. "The Punjab Elections 1992: Breakthrough or Breakdown?" Asian Survey, 32, No. 11, November 1992, 988-99.

Singh, Gurharpal. "Understanding the 'Punjab Problem '," Asian Survey, 27, No. 12, December 1987, 1268-77.

Singh, Hoshiar. "Constitutional Base for Panchayati Raj in India: The 73rd Amendment Act," Asian Survey, 34, No. 9, September 1994, 818-27.

Singh, Mahendra Prasad. "The Dilemma of the New Indian Party System: To Govern or Not to Govern?" Asian Survey, 32, No. 4, April 1992, 303-17.

Singh, Prakash. The Naxalite Movement in India. New Delhi: Rupa, 1995.

Singhal, Arvind, and Everett M. Rogers. India's Information Revolution. Newbury Park, California: Sage, 1989.

Sinha, Dipankar. "B.P. Singh, Chandra Shekhar, and 'Nowhere Politics' in India," Asian Survey, 31, No. 7, July 1991, 598-612.

Smith, Chris. The Diffusion of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Pakistan and Northern India. London: Center for Defence Studies, 1994.

Som, Reba. "Jawaharlal Nehru and the Hindu Code: A Victory of Symbol over Substance?" Modern Asian Studies [London], 28, Pt. 1, February 1994, 164-94.

Telford, Hamish. "The Political Economy of Punjab: Creating Space for Sikh Militancy," Asian Survey, 32, No. 11, November 1992, 969-87.

Tewary, I.N. People, Panchayat, and Parliament. New Delhi: Print Media, 1994.

Thakur, Devendra, ed. District Planning and Panchayat Raj. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1991.

Thakur, Ramesh Chandra. Government and Politics of India. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

Thomas, Raju G.C., ed. Perspectives on Kashmir: The Roots of Conflict in South Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Tully, Mark, and Satish Jacob. Amritsar: Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle. London: Cape, 1985.

Tummala, Krishna K. "Democracy Triumphant: The Case of Andhra Pradesh," Asian Survey, 26, No. 3, March 1989, 378-95.

Tummala, Krishna K. "India's Federalism under Stress," Asian Survey, 32, No. 6, June 1992, 538-53.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence. Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members of Foreign Governments. DI CS 95-004. Washington: April 1995.

Varshney, Ashutosh. "Battling the Past, Forging a Future? Ayodhya and Beyond." Pages 9-42 in Philip Oldenburg, ed., India Briefing, 1993. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, in cooperation with The Asia Society, 1993.

Varshney, Ashutosh. Democracy, Development, and the Countryside: Urban-Rural Struggles in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Varshney, Ashutosh. "India, Pakistan, and Kashmir: Antinomies of Nationalism," Asian Survey, 31, No. 11, November 1991, 997-1019.

Verney, Douglas V. "From Executive to Legislative Federalism? The Transformation of the Political System in Canada and India," Review of Politics, 51, No. 2, Spring 1989, 241-63.

Verney, Douglas V. "The Role of the Governor in India's Administrative Federalism," Indian Journal of Public Administration [New Delhi], 31, No. 4, October-December 1985, 1243-68.

Wade, Robert. "The Market for Public Office: Why the Indian State Is Not Better at Development," World Development, 13, No. 4, April 1985, 467-97.

Wade, Robert. "The System of Administrative and Political Corruption: Canal Irrigation in South India," Journal of Development Studies, 18, No. 3, April 1982, 287-328.

Wallace, Paul. "Religious and Ethnic Politics: Political Mobilization in the Punjab." Pages 416-81 in Francine R. Frankel and M.S.A. Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order, 2. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.

Washbrook, David A. "Caste, Class, and Dominance in Modern Tamil Nadu: Non-Brahmanism, Dravidianism, and Tamil Nationalism." Pages 204-64 in Francine R. Frankel and M.S.A. Rao, eds., Dominance and State Power in Modern India: Decline of a Social Order, 1. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Weiner, Myron. India at the Polls, 1980. Washington: American Enterprise Institute, 1983.

Weiner, Myron. Party Building in a New Nation: The Indian National Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967.

Who Are the Guilty? Report of a Joint Inquiry into the Causes and Impact of the Riots in Delhi from 31 October to 10 November. New Delhi: People's Union for Democratic Rights and People's Union for Civil Liberties, 1984.

Wood, John R. "India's Narmada River Dams: Sardar Sarovar under Siege," Asian Survey, 33, No. 10, October 1993, 968-84.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: "clari.world.asia.india" [electronic newsgroup], 1994-95; Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1991; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1994-95; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia , 1994-95; Frontline [Madras], 1995; Guardian [Manchester], 1989; India Abroad , 1994; India Today [New Delhi], 1987-95; Keesing's Record of World Events [London], 1994-95; New Republic , 1993; New York Times , 1989-94; and Seminar [New Delhi], 1989.)

Chapter 9

Ahmad, Imtiaz. State and Foreign Policy: India's Role in South Asia. New Delhi: Vikas, 1993.

Anderson, Ewan W. An Atlas of World Political Flashpoints: A Sourcebook of Geopolitical Crisis. New York: Facts on File, 1993.

Asia Yearbook. Annuals 1990 through 1995. Hong Kong: Far Eastern Economic Review, 1990-95.

Ayoob, Mohammed. India and Southeast Asia: Indian Perceptions and Policies. New York: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies; and Singapore: Routledge, 1990.

Ayoob, Mohammed. "India in South Asia: The Quest for Regional Predominance," World Policy Journal, 7, No. 1, Winter 1989-90, 107-33.

Babbage, Ross, and Sandy Gordon, eds. India's Strategic Future: Regional State or Global Power? New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Bandyopadhyaya, Jayant. The Making of India's Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Allied, 1980.

Banerji, Arun Kumar. "India and West Asia: Changing Images Reflect Shifts in the Regional Balance of Power," Round Table [London], No. 305, 1988, 26-38.

Baral, J.K., and J.N. Mahanty. "India and the Gulf Crisis: The Response of a Minority Government," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 65, No. 3, Fall 1992, 368-84.

Baral, Lok Raj. "India-Nepal Relations: Continuity and Change," Asian Survey, 32, No. 9, September 1992, 815-29.

Batersky, M.V., and S.I. Lunyov. "India at the End of the Century: Transformation into an Asian Regional Power," Asian Survey, 30, No. 10, October 1990, 927-42.

Baxter, Craig, Yogendra K. Malik, Charles H. Kennedy, and Robert C. Oberst. Government and Politics in South Asia. 3d ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Bradnock, Robert W. India's Foreign Policy since 1971. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs; and New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1990.

Brar, Bhupinder, ed. Collapse of the Soviet Union: Lessons for India. Delhi: Ajanta, 1993.

Buszynski, Leszek. "ASEAN Security Dilemmas," Survival [London], 34, No. 4, 1992-93, 90-107.

Chand, Khub. "India and the Federal Republic of Germany: Partners in Progress." Pages 163-74 in Satish Kumar, ed., Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1988-89. New Delhi: Sage, 1989.

Chaudhuri, Joyotpaul. "Federalism and the Siamese Twins: Diversity and Entropy in India's Domestic and Foreign Policy," International Journal [Toronto], 48, No. 3, Summer 1993, 448-69.

Chellaney, Brahma. "Non-proliferation: An Indian Critique of U.S. Export Controls," Orbis, 38, No. 3, Summer 1994, 439-56.

Chellaney, Brahma. "South Asia's Passage to Nuclear Power," International Security, 16, No. 1, Summer 1991, 43-72.

Clad, James C. "India: Crisis and Transition," Washington Quarterly, 15, No. 1, Winter 1992, 91-104.

Cohen, Stephen Philip. "The Regional Impact of a Reforming India," Adelphi Paper [London], No. 276, April 1993, 83-93.

Cohen, Stephen Philip. "The Soviet Union and South Asia." Pages 201-26 in Edward A. Kolodziej and Roger E. Kaned, eds., The Limits of Soviet Power in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

Cohen, Stephen Philip, ed. Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: The Prospects for Arms Control. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Cohen, Stephen Philip, ed. The Security of South Asia: American and Asian Perspectives. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987.

DeSilva, Kingsley. India in Sri Lanka, 1983-1991. Occasional Paper, No. 25. Washington: Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson Center, 1992.

Dhar, Pannalal N. India, Her Neighbours and Foreign Policy. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1991.

Duncan, Peter J.S. The Soviet Union and India. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs; and New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1989.

Fischer, Stephanie. "Israel and India: Forming a New Partnership," Near East Report, 36, No. 39, 1992, 182.

Gaan, N. "Hopes and Realities in Indo-US Relations: From a Cold War to a Post-Cold War Perspective," India Quarterly [New Delhi], 48, No. 4, October-December 1992, 1-22.

Ganguly, Sumit. "Avoiding War in Kashmir," Foreign Affairs, 69, No. 5, Winter 1990-1991, 57-73.

Ganguly, Sumit. "India: Charting a New Course?" Current History, 92, No. 578, December 1993, 426-30.

Ganguly, Sumit. "The Sino-Indian Border Talks, 1981-1989: A View from New Delhi," Asian Survey, 29, No. 12, December 1989, 1123-35.

Ganguly, Sumit. Slouching Towards a Settlement: Sino-Indian Relations, 1962-1993. Occasional Paper, No. 60. Washington: Asia Program, Woodrow Wilson Center, 1994.

Ganguly, Sumit, and Kanti Bajpai. "India and the Crisis in Kashmir," Asian Survey, 34, No. 5, May 1994, 401-16.

Ghosh, Partha S. "Foreign Policy and Electoral Politics in India: Inconsequential Connection," Asian Survey, 34, No. 9, September 1994, 807-17.

Gordon, A.D.D. India's Security Policy: Desire and Necessity in a Changing World. Working Paper No. 236. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University, 1991.

Gould, Harold A., and Sumit Ganguly, eds. The Hope and the Reality: U.S.-Indian Relations from Roosevelt to Reagan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Grover, Verinder, ed. International Relations and Foreign Policy of India. 10 vols. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1992.

Hagerty, Devin T. "India's Regional Security Doctrine," Asian Survey, 31, No. 4, April 1991, 351-63.

Harrison, Selig S. "South Asia and the United States: A Chance for a Fresh Start," Current History, 91, No. 563, March 1992, 97-105.

Harrison, Selig S., and Geoffrey Kemp. India and America after the Cold War: Report of the Carnegie Endowment Study Group on U.S.-Indian Relations in a Changing International Environment. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1993.

Heimsath, Charles, and Surjit Mansingh. A Diplomatic History of Modern India. New Delhi: Allied, 1971.

Hennayake, Shantha K. "The Peace Accord and the Tamils in Sri Lanka," Asian Survey, 29, No. 4, April 1989, 401-15.

Horn, Robert C. Soviet-Indian Relations: Issues and Influence. New York: Praeger, 1982.

Imhasly, Bernard. "India's Cautious Approach to the USA," Swiss Review of World Affairs [Zurich], 41, No. 1, April 1991, 27-28.

India. Ministry of External Affairs. Annual Report, 1991-92. New Delhi: 1992.

India. Ministry of External Affairs. Annual Report, 1992-93. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of External Affairs. Annual Report, 1994-95. New Delhi: 1995.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Registrar General and Census Commissioner. Census of India, 1991: Final Population Totals: Brief Analysis of Primary Census Abstract, Series-1, Paper-2 of 1992, New Delhi: 1993.

India. Parliament. Parliamentary News and Views Service. Compendium of Policy Statements Made in the Parliament: External Affairs. New Delhi: various dates.

Jha, Nalini Kant. "Reviving U.S.-India Friendship in a Changing International Order," Asian Survey, 34, No. 12, December 1994, 1035-46.

Johal, Sarbjit. "India's Search for Capital Abroad: The U.S. Relationship," Asian Survey, 29, No. 10, October 1989, 971-82.

Jones, Rodney W. "Old Quarrels and New Realities: Security in Southern Asia after the Cold War," Washington Quarterly, 15, No. 1, 1992, 105-28.

Josh, Harcharan Singh, ed. India's Foreign Policy: Nehru to Rao. I.C.W.A. Seminar Publication Series. New Delhi: Indian Council of World Affairs, 1994.

Kapur, Ashok. "The Indian Subcontinent: The Contemporary Structure of Power and the Development of Power Relations," Asian Survey, 28, No. 7, July 1988, 693-710.

Kapur, Harish. India's Foreign Policy, 1947-92: Shadows and Substance. New Delhi: Sage, 1994.

Kolodziej, Edward A., and Roger E. Kanet, eds. The Limits of Soviet Power in the Developing World. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

Kreisberg, Paul H. "The United States, South Asia, and American Interests," Journal of International Affairs, 43, No. 1, Summer-Fall 1989, 83-95.

Kumar, Satish. "Foreign Policy Trends." Pages 11-15 in Satish Kumar, ed., Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1987-88. New Delhi: Sage, 1988.

Kumar, Satish. "Foreign Policy Trends." Pages 12-16 in Satish Kumar, ed., Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1989. New Delhi: Sage, 1990.

Kumar, Satish. "Foreign Policy Trends." Pages 1-11 in Satish Kumar, ed., Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1990-91. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Levin, André. "L'Inde a-t-elle encore les moyens de ses ambitions?" Stratégique [Paris], 50, No. 2, 1991, 171-81.

Liu, Xuecheng. The Sino-India Border Dispute and Sino-India Relations. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1994.

Lockwood, David E., and Barbara Leitch LePoer. "Kashmir: Conflict and Crisis." Major Issues Systems, IB90087. Washington: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, July 3, 1990.

Makeig, Douglas C. "War, No War, and the India-Pakistan Negotiating Process," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 60, No. 3, 1987, 271-94.

Malik, J. Mohan. "India Copes with the Kremlin's Fall," Orbis, 37, No. 1, Winter 1993, 69-87.

Malik, J. Mohan. "India's Response to the Gulf Crisis: Implications for Indian Foreign Policy," Asian Survey, 31, No. 9, September 1991, 847-61.

Mansingh, Surjit. "India-China Relations in the Post-Cold War Era," Asian Survey, 34, No. 3, March 1994, 285-300.

Mansingh, Surjit. India's Search for Power: Indira Gandhi's Foreign Policy, 1966-82. New Delhi: Sage, 1984.

Mansingh, Surjit, and Steven I. Levine. "China and India: Moving Beyond Confrontation," Problems of Communism, 38, Nos. 2-3, March-June 1989, 30-49.

Mehra, Parshotam. An 'Agreed' Frontier: Ladakh and India's Northernmost Borders, 1846-1947. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Mehrotra, Santosh. India and the Soviet Union: Trade and Technology Transfer. Soviet and East European Studies, No. 73. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Menon, Rajan, and Henri J. Barkey. "The Transformation of Central Asia: Implications for Regional and International Security," Survival [London], 34, No. 4, 1992-93, 68-69.

Mudiam, Prithvi Ram. India and the Middle East. London: British Academic Press, 1994.

Muni, S.D. "India and the Post-Cold War World: Opportunities and Challenges," Asian Survey, 31, No. 9, September 1991, 862-74.

Murthy, P.A. Narasimha. "Trends in India-Japan Relations." Pages 137-50 in Satish Kumar, ed., Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1989. New Delhi: Sage, 1989.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Jawaharlal Nehru's Speeches. 5 vols. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1958-68.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Selected Works of Jawaharlal Nehru. 16 vols. 2d Series. New Delhi: Jawaharlal Memorial Fund, 1988-92.

Nehru, Jawaharlal. Towards Freedom: An Autobiography. New York: Day, 1941.

Nester, William R. Japan and the Third World: Patterns, Power, Prospects. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Ollapally, Deepa, and Raja Ramanna. "U.S.-India Tensions: Misperceptions on Nuclear Proliferation," Foreign Affairs, 74, No. 1, January-February 1995, 13-18.

Palmer, Norman D. The United States and India: The Dimensions of Influence. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Panya, Amit. "Kashmir: The Way Forward," Journal of Asian and African Affairs [New Delhi], 2, No. 1, July 1990, 1-6.

Rais, Rasul B. "Afghanistan and Regional Security after the Cold War," Problems of Communism, 41, No. 3, 1992, 82-94.

Ranganathan, C.V. "China, The 'Asian Miracle' and India-China Relations," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 9, No. 4, October-December 1994, 9-18.

Rao, P. Venkateshwar. "Ethnic Conflict in Sri Lanka: India's Role and Perception," Asian Survey, 28, No. 4, April 1988, 419-36.

Razvi, S.M. Mujtaba. "India and the Security of the Indian Ocean/South Asia," Round Table [London], No. 311, July 1989, 317-22.

Rizvi, Hasan-Askari. Pakistan and the Geostrategic Environment: A Study of Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Rose, Leo E., and Eric Gonsalves, eds. Towards a New World Order: Adjusting India-U.S. Relations. Research Papers and Policy Studies, No. 38. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, 1992.

Rubinoff, Arthur G. "Commonalities and Dissimilarities in American and Canadian Approaches Towards the Indian Subcontinent," Contemporary South Asia [Abingdon, United Kingdom], 1, No. 3, 1992, 393-405.

Rubinoff, Arthur G. "The Multilateral Imperative in India's Foreign Policy," Round Table [London], No. 319, July 1991, 313-34.

Rubinoff, Arthur G. "Political Integration in Goa," Journal of Developing Societies [Leiden], 11, No. 1, June 1995, 36-50.

Saikal, Amin. "The Future of India and Southwest Asia." Pages 122-43 in Ross Babbage and Sandy Gordon, eds., India's Strategic Future: Regional State or Global Power? New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Saikal, Amin. India in Southwest Asia. Working Paper No. 1990/4. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1990.

Shah, Sayed Mehtab Ali. "Anatomy of Indo-Pak Discord," Journal of Asian and African Affairs [New Delhi], 1, No. 1, July 1989, 35-47.

Shaumian, Tatyana L. "India's Foreign Policy: Interaction of Global and Regional Aspects," Asian Survey, 28, No. 11, November 1988, 1161-69.

Shukul, H.C. India's Foreign Policy: The Strategy of Nonalignment. Delhi: Chanakya, 1993.

Singh, Jasjit, ed. Indo-US Relations in a Changing World: Proceedings of the Indo-US Strategic Symposium. New Delhi: Lancer, in association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1992.

Sismanidis, Roxane D.V. "China's International Security Policy," Problems of Communism, 40, No. 4, July-August 1991, 49-62.

Sreedhar, John Kaniyalil, comp. Indo-Pak Relations: A Documentary Study. New Delhi: ABC, 1993.

Sudhakar, E. SAARC: Origin, Growth, and Future. New Delhi: Gyan, 1994.

Tanham, George K. "Indian Strategic Culture," Washington Quarterly, 15, No. 1, Winter 1992, 129-42.

Taylor, Jay. The Dragon and the Wild Goose: China and India. With New Epilogue. New York: Praeger, 1991.

Thakur, Ramesh. "India and the Soviet Union: Conjunctions and Disjunctions of Interests," Asian Survey, 31, No. 9, September 1991, 826-46.

Thakur, Ramesh Chandra. "Normalizing Sino-Indian Relations," Pacific Review [London], 4, No. 1, 1991, 5-18.

Thakur, Ramesh, and Carlyle A. Thayer. Soviet Relations with India and Vietnam. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992.

Tharoor, Shashi. Reasons of State: Political Development and India's Foreign Policy under Indira Gandhi, 1966-1977. New Delhi: Vikas, 1982.

Thomas, Raju G.C. "The Security and Economy of a Reforming India," Adelphi Paper [London], No. 276, April 1993, 62-82.

Thomas, Raju G.C., ed. Perspectives on Kashmir: The Roots of Conflict in South Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

United Nations. Department of Public Information. Peace-Keeping Information Notes, 1993: Update No. 1. New York: March 1993.

Untawale, Mukund G. "India and the World," Conflict, 11, No. 2, April-June 1991, 113-30.

Varshney, Ashutosh. "India, Pakistan, and Kashmir: Antinomies of Nationalism," Asian Survey, 31, No. 11, November 1991, 997-1019.

Viswam, S. "South-east and East Asia," World Focus [New Delhi], 12, Nos. 11-12, November-December 1991, 52-54.

Wang Hongyu. "Sino-Indian Relations: Present and Future," Asian Survey, 35, No. 6, June 1995, 546-54.

Ward, Richard Edmund. India's Pro-Arab Policy: A Study in Continuity. New York: Praeger, 1992.

Wariavwalla, Bharat. "India in 1987: Democracy on Trial," Asian Survey, 28, No. 2, February 1988, 119-25.

Wariavwalla, Bharat. "India in 1988: Drift, Disarray, or Patterns?" Asian Survey, 29, No. 2, February 1989, 189-98.

Yadav, R.S. "India and the Indian Ocean in the 1990s," Asian Profile [Hong Kong], 20, No. 5, October 1992, 415-25.

Yadav, R.S., ed. India's Foreign Policy Towards 2000 A.D. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1993.

Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1987-88. Ed., Satish Kumar. New Delhi: Sage, 1988.

Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1989. Ed., Satish Kumar. New Delhi: Sage, 1989.

Yearbook on India's Foreign Policy, 1990-91. Ed., Satish Kumar. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Zheng Ruixiang. "Shifting Obstacles in Sino-Indian Relations," Pacific Review [London], 6, No. 1, 1993, 63-70.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 1992; Beijing Review [Beijing], 1994; Christian Science Monitor , 1992; Economic and Political Weekly [Bombay], 1980-91; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1987-94; Far Eastern Economic Review, Asia Yearbook [Hong Kong], 1985-92; Foreign Affairs Record [New Delhi], 1990-94; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China, 1994-95; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia , 1993-95; India Today [New Delhi], 1991-92; Indian Express [New Delhi], 1992; Nation , 1992; New York Times , 1992-95; Sainik Samachar [New Delhi], 1994; Strategic Analysis [New Delhi], 1989-91; Times of India [New Delhi], 1993; Washington Post , 1993-95; and Washington Times , 1992.)

Chapter 10

Akbar, M.J. The Siege Within: Challenges to a Nation's Unity. London: Penguin, 1985.

Ali, S. Mahmud. The Fearful State: Power, People, and Internal War in South Asia. London: Zed, 1993.

Amnesty International. India: Torture, Rape, and Deaths in Custody. London: 1992.

Amnesty International USA. Amnesty International Report, 1994. New York: 1994.

Amnesty International USA. Amnesty International Report, 1995. New York: 1995.

Amnesty International USA. India: Torture and Deaths in Custody in Jammu and Kashmir. New York: January 1995.

Andrade, John. World Police and Paramilitary Forces. Basingstoke, United Kingdom: Macmillan, 1985.

Asia Society. Contemporary Affairs Department. Study Group. Preventing Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia. New York: 1995.

Asia Watch/Physicians for Human Rights. A Pattern of Impunity. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1993.

Bain, William W. "Sino-Indian Military Modernization: The Potential for Destabilization," Asian Affairs, 21, No. 3, Fall 1994, 131-47.

Bajpai, Kanti P., and Harish C. Shukul, eds. Interpreting World Politics: Essays for A.P. Rana. New Delhi: Sage, 1995.

Baruah, Sanjib. "Immigration, Ethnic Conflict, and Political Turmoil--Assam 1979-1985," Asian Survey, 26, No. 11, November 1986, 1184-1206.

Brar, K.S. Operation Blue Star: The True Story. New Delhi: UBS, 1993.

Brass, Paul R. The New Cambridge History of India, IV, 1: The Politics of India since Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Brines, Russell. The Indo-Pakistani Conflict. New York: Pall Mall, 1968.

Bristow, Damon. India's New Armament Strategy: A Return to Self-Sufficiency? RUSI Whitehall Paper Series, 1995. London: Royal United Services Institute for Defence Studies, 1995.

Chattopadhyay, Rupak. "Indian Maritime Security: Case for a Blue Water Fleet," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 9, No. 3, July 1994, 79-85.

Chellaney, Brahma. Nuclear Proliferation: The U.S.-Indian Conflict. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1993.

Chopra, S.C. "India's Maritime Security Concerns." Pages 92-108 in Jasjit Singh, ed., Maritime Security. New Delhi: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1993.

Cohen, Stephen Philip. The Indian Army: Its Contributions to the Development of a Nation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

Cohen, Stephen Philip, ed. Nuclear Proliferation in South Asia: The Prospects for Arms Control. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1991.

Das, Samir Kumar. UFLA: United Liberation Front of Assam--A Political Analysis. Delhi: Ajanta, 1994.

Datta, Prabhat Kumar. Regionalism of Indian Politics. New Delhi: Sterling, 1993.

Dixit, Aabha. "Indian Defence Industry Programmes: Current Stand and Cooperation Projects," Military Technology [Bonn], 38, No. 12, December 1994, 16-23.

Elkin, Jerrold F., and W. Andrew Ritezel. "The Debate on Restructuring India's Higher Defense Organization," Asian Survey, 24, No. 10, October 1984, 1069-85.

Elkin, Jerrold F., and W. Andrew Ritezel. "Military Role Expansion in India," Armed Forces and Society, 11, No. 4, Summer 1985, 489-504.

Encyclopedia of Police in India. 2 vols. Eds., S.K. Ghosh and K.F. Rustamji. New Delhi: Ashish, 1993-94.

Fay, Peter Ward. The Forgotten Army: India's Armed Struggle for Independence, 1942-45. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993.

Ganguly, Sumit. "Avoiding War in Kashmir," Foreign Affairs, 69, No. 5, Winter 1990-91, 57-73.

Ganguly, Sumit. "Ethno-Religious Conflict in South Asia," Survival, [London], 35, No. 2, Summer 1993, 88-109.

Ganguly, Sumit. "From the Defense of the Nation to Aid to the Civil: The Army in Contemporary India." Pages 11-26 in Charles H. Kennedy and David J. Louscher, eds., Civil-Military Interaction in Asia and Africa. Leiden: Brill, 1991.

Ganguly, Sumit. "From the Defence of the Nation to Aid to the Civil: The Army in Contemporary India," Journal of Asian and African Studies [Leiden], 26, Nos. 1-2, January-April 1991, 11-26.

Ganguly, Sumit. The Origins of War in South Asia: The Indo-Pakistani Conflicts since 1947. 2d ed. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1994.

Ganguly, Sumit. "Why India Joined the Nuclear Club," Bulletin to the Atomic Scientists, 39, No. 4, April 1983, 30-33.

Ganguly, Sumit, and Kanti Bajpai. "India and the Crisis in Kashmir," Asian Survey, 34, No. 5, May 1994, 401-16.

Garver, John W. "China-India Rivalry in Nepal: The Clash over Chinese Arms Sales," Asian Survey, 31, No. 10, October 1991, 956-75.

Ghosh, Partha S. Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia. New Delhi: Manohar, 1989.

Ghosh, Partha S. "Nuclear Rivalry in South Asia: Strategic Imperatives and National Pride," Conflict Studies [London], No. 274, September 1994, 1-22.

Ghosh, S.K. Women and Crime. New Delhi: Ashish, 1993.

Goldston, James A., and Patricia Gossman. Human Rights in India: Kashmir under Siege. An Asia Watch Report. New York: Human Rights Watch, May 1991.

Gordon, Sandy. "Economic Growth Dissipated on Regional Arms Race," Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter [Prahan], 21, Nos. 6-7, December 1994-January 1995, 46-49.

Gordon, Sandy. India's Rise to Power in the Twentieth Century and Beyond. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995.

Gordon, Sandy. "Indian Defense Spending: Treading Water in the Fiscal Deep," Asian Survey, 32, No. 10, October 1992, 934-50.

Gould, Harold A. "The Utopian Side of the 1857 Uprising." Pages 86-116 in David Plath, ed., Aware of Utopia. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.

Handa, Tejinder. "Reorganisation of Indian Armed Forces," Combat Journal [Mhow], 20, No. 2, August 1993, 23-31.

Heehs, Peter. "The World at War: India's Divided Loyalties?" History Today, 45, No. 7, July 1995, 16-23.

Hills, Carol, and Daniel C. Silverman. "Nationalism and Feminism in Late Colonial India: The Rani of Jhansi Regiment, 1943-1945," Modern Asian Studies [London], 27, Pt. 4, October 1993, 741-60.

Hoffmann, Steven. India and the China Crisis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Horn, Robert C. Soviet-Indian Relations: Issues and Influence. New York: Praeger, 1982.

Inder Singh, Anita. "India's Relations with Russia and Central Asia," International Affairs, 71, No. 1, January 1995, 69-81.

India. Ministry of Defence. Annual Report, 1992-93. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Defence. Defence Services Estimates, 1993-94. New Delhi: 1993.

India. Ministry of Defence. Defence Services Estimates, 1994-95. New Delhi: 1994.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Amnesty International Report. India: Torture, Rape, and Deaths in Custody: Allegations and Facts. New Delhi: n.d. [ca. 1993].

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Legal Provisions for Protection of Human Rights. New Delhi: n.d.

India. Ministry of Home Affairs. Profile of Terrorist Violence in Jammu and Kashmir. New Delhi: n.d. [ca. 1993].

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity. Union Budget, 1993-94: Imparting a New Dynamism to the Indian Economy. No. 2/39/92 PPI. New Delhi: March 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1992: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: February 1993.

India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Research and Reference Division. India 1993: A Reference Annual. New Delhi: January 1994.

Ispahani, Mahnaz. "India's Role in Sri Lanka's Ethnic Conflict." Pages 209-39 in Ariel E. Levite, Bruce W. Jentleson, and Larry Berman, eds., Foreign Military Intervention: The Dynamics of Protracted Conflict. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992.

Jackson, Robert. South Asian Crisis: India, Pakistan, Bangla Desh. Studies in International Security, No. 17. London: Institute for Strategic Studies, 1975.

Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1994-95. 85th ed. Ed., Mark Lambert. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Armour and Artillery, 1994-95. 15th ed. Ed., Christopher F. Foss. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Fighting Ships, 1994-95. 97th ed. Ed., Richard Sharpe. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Infantry Weapons, 1994-95. 20th ed. Ed., Ivan V. Hogg. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Land-Based Air Defence, 1994-95. 7th ed. Eds., Tony Cullen and Christopher F. Foss. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics, 1994-95. 15th ed. Eds., Christopher F. Foss, and Terry J. Gander. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jane's Radar and Electronic Warfare Systems, 1994-95. 6th ed. Ed., Bernard Blake. Coulsdon, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group, 1994.

Jogindar Singh. Behind the Scene: An Analysis of India's Military Operations, 1947-1971. New Delhi: Lancer International, 1993.

Joshi, Manoj. Combating Terrorism in Punjab. Conflict Studies, No. 261. London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism, May 1993.

Joshi, Manoj. "India's Nuclear Submarine Plans," Asia-Pacific Defence Reporter [Prahan], 21, Nos. 6-7, March-April 1995, 52.

Kadian, Rajesh. India and Its Army. New Delhi: Vision Books, 1990.

Kadian, Rajesh. The Kashmir Tangle. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1993.

Kapur, Rajiv A. Sikh Separatism: The Politics of Faith. London: Allen and Unwin, 1986.

Karnad, Bharat. Future Imperilled: India's Security in the 1990s and Beyond. New Delhi: Viking, 1994.

Kasturi, Bhashyam. "Military Intelligence in India: An Analysis," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 9, No. 1, January 1994, 71-74.

Kavic, Lorne J. India's Quest for Security. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.

Khanna, D.D., and P.N. Mehrotra. Defence Versus Development: A Case Study of India. New Delhi: Indus, 1993.

Kohli, Kailash. "Aviation in Indian Coast Guard," Sainik Samachar [New Delhi], 41, No. 5, January 30, 1994, 9-11.

Kolff, Dirk H. Naukar, Rajput and Sepoy: The Ethnohistory of the Military Labour Market in Hindustan, 1450-1859. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Kukreja, Veena. Civil-Military Relations in South Asia: Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. New Delhi: Sage, 1991.

Kundu, Apurba. "The Indian Armed Forces' Sikh and Non-Sikh Officers' Opinions of Operation Blue Star," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 67, No. 1, Spring 1994, 46-69.

Longer, V. Red Coats to Live Green: A History of the Indian Army, 1600-1974. New Delhi: Allied, 1993.

Makeig, Douglas C. "'Aid-To-Civil': Indian Army and Paramilitary Involvement in Domestic Peacekeeping." Washington: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1984.

Makeig, Douglas C. "National Security." Pages 203-46 in James Heitzman and Robert L. Worden, eds., Bangladesh: A Country Study. 2d ed. DA Pam 550-175. Washington: GPO, 1989.

Mama, Hormuz. "India and Pakistan Retreat from the Brink," International Defense Review [Geneva], 23, No. 8, 1990, 851-52.

Manwani, Ranjna. Indigenisation of Defence. New Delhi: Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India, May 1990.

Mathur, Kuldeep. "The State and the Use of Coercive Power in India," Asian Survey, 32, No. 4, April 1992, 337-49.

Maxwell, Neville. India's China War. New York: Doubleday, 1972.

Menezes, S.L. Fidelity and Honour: The Indian Army from the Seventeenth to the Twenty-first Century. New Delhi: Penguin, 1993.

The Military Balance: 1992-1993. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1992.

The Military Balance: 1994-1995. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1994.

The Military Yearbook, 1991-92. 23d ed. Ed., J. Baranwal. New Delhi: Guide, 1991.

Mishra, Rashmi, and Samarendra Mohanty. Police and Social Change in India. New Delhi: Asish, 1992.

Mohan Ram. Sri Lanka: The Fractured Island. New Delhi: Penguin, 1989.

Mukerjee, Dilip. "U.S. Weaponry for India," Asian Survey, 27, No. 6, June 1987, 595-614.

Nanda, Ravi. India's Security in New World Order. New Delhi: Lancer, 1994.

Narain, Partap. Indian Arms Bazaar. Delhi: Shipra, 1994.

Neier, Aryeh, and David Rothman. Prison Conditions in India. An Asia Watch Report. New York: Human Rights Watch, April 1991.

Nirmal, Anjali. Role and Functioning of Central Police Organisations. New Delhi: Uppal, 1992.

Palit, D.K. War in the High Himalaya. London: Hurst, 1991.

Parmar, Leena. Society, Culture, and Military System. Indian Sociological Studies. Jaipur: Rawat, 1994.

Pettigrew, Joyce J. M. The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence. Atlantic Highlands, New Jersey: Zed, 1995.

Preston, Antony. "World Navies in Review," U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings, 121, No. 3, March 1995, 96-116.

Racioppi, Linda. Soviet Policy Towards South Asia since 1970. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Robinson, Francis, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Rodrigues, Sunith Francis. Maximizing Effectiveness of Central Police Organisations. New Delhi: June 1993.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E. "An American Perspective II," Asian Affairs, 22, No. 1, Spring 1995, 71-87.

Schwartzberg, Joseph E., ed. A Historical Atlas of South Asia. 2d impression. Reference Series of Association for Asian Studies, No. 2. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Sehgal, B.P. Singh, ed. Law, Judiciary, and Justice in India. New Delhi: Deep and Deep, 1993.

Sen, Lionel Protip. Slender Was the Thread: Kashmir Confrontation, 1947-48. Bombay: Orient Longman, 1969.

Shah, Giriraj. Elite Forces of India. 2 vols. New Delhi: Cosmo, 1994.

Shah, Giriraj. Image Makers: An Attitudinal Study of Indian Police. New Delhi: Abhinav, 1993.

Sharma, R. "Indian Peacekeeping Contingent in Somalia," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 10, No. 2, April-June 1995, 41-44.

Singh, Depinder. The IPKF in Sri Lanka. Delhi: Trishul, 1991.

Singh, Jagjit. Indian Gunners at War: The Western Front, 1971. New Delhi: Lancer International, 1994.

Singh, Jasjit, ed. Indo-US Relations in a Changing World: Proceedings of the Indo-US Strategic Symposium. New Delhi: Lancer, in association with Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1992.

Singh, Jasjit, ed. Maritime Security. New Delhi: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 1993.

Singh, Surinder Nihal. "Why India Goes to Moscow for Arms," Asian Survey, 24, No. 7, July 1984, 707-20.

Sisson, Richard, and Leo E. Rose. War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Smith, Chris. India's Ad Hoc Arsenal: Arms Procurement in Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Society of Indian Aerospace Technologies and Industries. Directory of Indian Aerospace, 1993. Bangalore: Interline, 1993.

SP's Military Yearbook, 1992-93. 24th ed. Ed., J. Baranwal. New Delhi: Guide, 1992.

SP's Military Yearbook, 1993-94. 25th ed. Ed., J. Baranwal. New Delhi: Guide, 1993.

Srivasata, H.K. "UN Peace Support Operations (PSOs) and India: The Need for a New Approach," Combat Journal [Mhow], 21, No. 3, December 1994, 33-39.

Subramanian, K.S. "Police Organization in India: A Historical and Contemporary Assessment," Indian Defence Review [New Delhi], 10, No. 1, January-March 1995, 35-40.

Tanham, George K. "Indian Strategic Culture," Washington Quarterly, 15, No. 1, Winter 1992, 129-42.

Tanham, George K. Indian Strategic Thought: An Interpretive Essay. Santa Monica, California: Rand, 1992.

Thomas, Raju G.C. The Defence of India: A Budgetary Perspective of Strategy and Politics. New Delhi: Macmillan, 1978.

Thomas, Raju G.C. Democracy, Security, and Development in India. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.

Thomas, Raju G.C. Indian Security Policy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Thomas, Raju G.C. "India's Nuclear and Space Programs: Defense or Development?" World Politics, 38, No. 2, January 1986, 315-42.

Thomas, Raju G.C. "South Asian Security in the 1990s," Adelphi Paper [London], No. 278, July 1993, 3-86.

Thomas, Raju G.C., ed. Perspectives on Kashmir: The Roots of Conflict in South Asia. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1992.

Tully, Mark, and Satish Jacob. Amritsar: Mrs. Gandhi's Last Battle. London: Cape, 1985.

United Nations. Department of Public Information. The Blue Helmets: A Review of United Nations Peace-keeping. United Nations Publication No. E.90.I.18. New York: August 1990.

United Nations. Department of Public Information. Peace-Keeping Information Notes, 1993: Update No. 1. New York: March 1993.

United States. Department of State. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1993. Report submitted to United States Congress, 103d, 2d Session, House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Washington: GPO, February 1994.

Vaughn, Bruce. "The Use and Abuse of Intelligence Services in India," Intelligence and National Security, 8, No. 1, January 1993, 1-22.

Wirsing, Robert G. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir Dispute: On Regional Conflict and Its Resolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994.

Wolpert, Stanley. A New History of India. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

"World Defence Almanac, 1993-94: India," Military Technology [Bonn], 28, No. 1, January 1994, 222, 224-25.

Wulf, H. "India: The Unfulfilled Quest for Self-Sufficiency." Pages 125-45 in Michael Brzoska and Thomas Ohlson, eds., Arms Production in the Third World. London: Taylor and Francis for Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, 1986.

(Various issues of the following publications also were used in the preparation of this chapter: Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 1994; Christian Science Monitor , 1988; Defense News , 1994; Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 1994-95; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: China , 1994; Foreign Broadcast Information Service, Daily Report: Near East and South Asia , 1993-95; India Today [New Delhi], 1990; Jane's Defence Weekly [Coulsdon, United Kingdom], 1995; New York Times , 1994-95; Sainik Samachar [New Delhi], 1993-94; U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings , 1994; and Washington Post , 1994-95.)