Bibliography -- Mauritania


Chapter 1

Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. A History of the Maghrib. (2d ed.)
     Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.

Damis, John. Conflict in Northwest Africa: The Western Sahara
     Dispute. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1983.

Drysdale, Alasdair, and Gerald H. Blake. The Middle East and
     North AFrica: A Political Geography. New York: Oxford
     University Press, 1985.

Eagleton, William, Jr. "The Islamic Republic of Mauritania,"
     Middle East Journal, 19, No. 1, Winter 1965, 45-53.

Gerteiny, Alfred G. Historical Dictionary of Mauritania.
     (African Historical Dictionaries, No. 31.) Metuchen, New
     Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1981.

------. Mauritania. London: Pall Mall Press, 1967.

------. "Mauritania." Pages 319-31 in James Kritzeck and William H.
     Lewis (eds.), Islam in Africa. New York: Van
     Nostrand-Reinhold, 1969.

------. "On the History, Ethnology, and Political Philosophy of
     Mauritania," Maghreb Review [London], 3, Nos. 7-8,
     May-August 1978, 1-6.

Hillings, David, et al. "Mauritania." Pages 671-84 in Africa
     South of the Sahara. (16th ed.) London: Europa, 1987.

Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey
     and Documents, 1980-1981. New York: Africana, 1981.

------. Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and
     Documents, 1981-1982. New York: Africana, 1981.

------. Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and
     Documents, 1982-1983. New York: Africana, 1984.

------. Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and
     Documents, 1983-1984. New York: Africana, 1985.

Moore, Clement H. "One-Partyism in Mauritania," Journal of
     Modern African Studies [Cambridge], 3, No. 3, October
     1965, 402-20.

Parker, Richard B. North Africa: Regional Tensions and
     Strategic Concerns. New York: Praeger, 1984.

Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. The Western Saharans:
     Background to Conflict. London: Croom Helm, 1980.

Toupet, Charles (ed.). Atlas de la République Islamique de
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique, 1977.

    (Various issues of the following publication were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Africa Confidential
[London].)

Chapter 2

Abeille, Barbara. A Study of Female Life in Mauritania.
     Washington: Agency for International Development, 1979.

Arnaud, J. "L'espace et l'homme mauritaniens." Pages 103-27 in
     Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés
     Méditerranéenes and Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire (eds.),
     Introduction à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du
     Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Azonga, Tikum Mbah. "Striking a Balance?" West Africa
     [London], No. 3641, May 25, 1987, 1004.

Best, Alan C.G., and Harm J. de Blij. African Survey. New
     York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977.

Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes
     and Centre d'etudes D'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction
     à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Dalby, David. Language Map of Africa and the Adjacent
     Islands. London: International African Institute, 1977.

de Chassey, Francis. "L'évolution des structures sociales en
     Mauritanie de la colonisation à nos jours." Pages 235-77 in
     Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés
     Méditerranéennes and Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire (eds.),
     Introduction à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du
     Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

d'Hont, Oliver. "Les kébé (bidonvilles) de Nouakchott," Afrique
     contemporaine [Paris], No. 139, July-August-September
     1986, 36-55.

Diallo, Amadou. "Réflexions sur la question nationale en
     Mauritanie." Pages 389-412 in Annuaire de l'Afrique du
     Nord, 1982, 21. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1984.

Doucet, Lyse. "Fragile Politics," West Africa [London],
     No. 3619, January 19, 1987, 110-11.

Eagleton, William, Jr. "The Islamic Republic of Mauritania,"
     Middle East Journal, 19, No. 1, Winter 1965, 45-53.

Ellis, William S., and Steve McCurry. "Africa's Sahel--The Stricken
     Land," National Geographic, 172, No. 2, August 1987,
     140-80.

Gamble, David P. "Wolof." Pages 479-82 in Richard V. Weekes (ed.),
     Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

Gerteiny, Alfred G. Historical Dictionary of Mauritania.
     (African Historical Dicitonaries, No. 31.) Metuchen, New
     Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1981.

------. Mauritania. New York: Praeger, 1967.

------. "Moors." Pages 277-79 in Richard V. Weekes (ed.),
     Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

------. "Soniké." Pages 374-77 in Richard V. Weekes (ed.),
     Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

------. "Tukulor." Pages 420-22 in Richard V. Weekes (ed.),
     Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

Gingiss, Peter. "Manding." Pages 259-64 in Richard V. Weekes (ed.),
     Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood, Press, 1978.

Glantz, Michael H. "Drought in Africa," Scientific
     American, 256, No. 6, June 1987, 34-40.

Hillings, David, et al. "Mauritania." Pages 671-84 in Africa
     South of the Sahara. (16th ed.) London: Europa, 1986.

Hopen, C. Edward. "Fulani." Pages 133-39 in Richard V. Weekes
     (ed.), Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic Survey.
     Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey
     and Documents, 1985-1986. New York: Africana, 1987.

"Mauritania: Problems of Peace," Africa Confidential
     [London], 21, No. 10, May 7, 1980, 6-7.

Mercer, John. "Slavery in Mauritania Today," Plural
     Societies [The Hague], 12, Autumn-Winter 1981, 125-30.

Mountjoy, Alan B., and Clifford Embleton. Africa: A New
     Geographical Survey. New York: Praeger, 1967.

Norris, Harry T. "The Legacy of the Banu Hassan," Maghreb
     Review [London], 2, No. 2, March-April 1977, 21-25.

------. "Mauritanian Medicine," Maghreb Review [London],
     9, Nos. 5-6, September-December 1984, 119-27.

Peck, Heather A. "Advancing Dunes Imperil Capital City," Africa
     Report, 31, No. 5, September-October 1986, 44.

Sawyer, Roger. Slavery in the Twentieth Century. New York:
     Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

Schissel, Howard. "Taya at the Helm," Africa Report, 31,
     No. 4, July-August 1986, 85-88.

Stenning, Derrick J. "The Pastoral Fulani of Northern Nigeria."
     Pages 363-401 in James L. Gibbs, Jr. (ed.), Peoples of
     Africa. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1965.

Stewart, Charles C. "Political Authority and Social Stratification
     in Mauritania." Pages 375-93 in Ernest Gellner and Charles
     Micaud (eds.), Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in
     North Africa. London: Gerald Duckworth, 1973.

Stewart, Charles C., with E.K. Stewart. Islam and Social Order
     in Mauritania: A Case Study from the Nineteenth Century.
     Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Traore, A. "L'Islam en Mauritanie." Pages 155-67 in Centre de
     Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéenes and
     Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction à la
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social
     Affairs. Statistical Office. Statistical Papers:
     Population and Vital Statistics Report. (Series A, Vol.
     39, No. 1.) New York: 1987.

United Nations. Economic and Social Council. Commission on Human
     Rights. Slavery and Slavery-Like Practices: Report of the
     Mission to Mauritania. New York: July 2, 1984.

United States. Agency for International Development. Africa Bureau.
     Famine Early Warning System Country Report: Burkina, Chad,
     Mali, Mauritania, Niger. (Report No. 11.) Washington:
     1987.

------. Agency for International Development. Office of Foreign
     Disaster Assistance. Mauritania: A Country Profile.
     Washington: 1984.

------. Department of Defense. Global Epidemiology Working Group.
     Global Disease Surveillance Report. Frederick,
     Maryland: 1987.

------. Department of State. Mauritania Post Report.
     Washington: April 1985.

------. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs. Office of
     Public Communication. Background Notes: Mauritania.
     (Department of State Publication, No. 8169.) Washington: GPO,
     March 1985.

Vaughan, James H., Jr. "Caste Systems in the Western Sudan." Pages
     59-92 in Arthur Tuden and Leonard Plotnicov (eds.), Social
     Stratification in Africa. New York: Free Press, 1970.

Weekes, Richard V. (ed.). Muslim Peoples: A World Ethnographic
     Survey. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1978.

"Windpumps Flying in Mauritania," World Water [Paris],
     January-February 1987, 44-45.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Economist Intelligence Unit,
Quarterly Economic Review of Guinea, Mali, Mauritania
[London]; and Quarterly Economic Review of Senegal, Mali,
Mauritania, Guinea [London].)

Chapter 3

Balta, Paul. "Mauritania Hears the Voice of Trade Unionism,"
     Guardian Weekly [London], February 7, 1982, 14.

Blackburn, Peter. "Death of a Culture?" Christian Science
     Monitor, June 9, 1987, 25.

Carr, David W. "Difficulties of Restoring Economic Viability with
     Lopsided Development: The Mauritanian Case," Journal of
     Developing Areas, 18, No. 3, April 1984, 373-86.

Curran, Brian Dean, and Joann Schrock. Mauritania: A Country
     Study. (DA PAM 550-161.) Washington: GPO for Foreign Area
     Studies, The American University, 1980.

Dumont, René. Pour l'Afrique, j'accuse. Paris: Plon, 1986.

     Glover, Thomas O. "The Mineral Industry of Mauritania." Pages
     549-52 in Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, Vol.
     III. Washington: Department of the Interior, Bureau of
     Mines, 1984.

------. "The Mineral Industry of Mauritania." Pages 575-78 in
     Bureau of Mines Minerals Yearbook, Vol. III.
     Washington: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1985.

Groupement AGRER-SCET AGRI-HASKONING. Etude d'application des
     schémas directeurs de la vallée et du delta en rive droit du
     Fleuve Sénégal, Phase I: 1990-1994. Nouakchott:
     République Islamique de Mauritanie, 1987.

Hilling, David et. al. "Mauritanie." Pages 671-84 in Africa
     South of the Sahara. (16th ed.) London: Europa, 1987.

"Inauguration of the Guelbs Iron Ore Project, Mauritania,"
     Mining Magazine [London], 75, No. 8, August 1984, 81-
     82.

International Monetary Fund. Balance of Payments Statistics
     Yearbook, P. 1. (Vol. 36.) Washington: 1985.

------. Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, Pt. 1.
     (Vol. 37.) Washington: 1986.

------. Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, Pt. 2.
     (Vol. 37.) Washington: 1986.

------. Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook, Pt. 1.
     (Vol. 38.) Washington: 1987.

------. Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook.
     Washington: 1986.

------. Government Finance Statistics Yearbook, X.
     Washington: 1986.

------. International Financial Statistics, 1985-1986.
     Washington: 1985-86.

------. Mauritania: Recent Economic Developments.
     Washington: 1986.

------. Mauritania: Statistical Annex. (SM87/252.)
     Washington: 1987.

Kane, Ndiawar, and Charles Toupet. "Agriculture et élevage." Pages
     39-44 in Charles Toupet (ed.), Atlas de la République
     Islamique de Mauritanie. Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique,
     1977.

Lambert, Nicole. "Préhistoire." Pages 27-28 in Charles Toupet
     (ed.), Atlas de la République Islamique de
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique, 1977.

Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey
     and Documents, 1983-1984. New York: Africana, 1985.

------. Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey and
     Documents, 1985-1986. New York: Africana, 1987.

------. "Mauritania." Pages 105-10 in H. Haddad and Basheer Najim
     (eds.), The Arab World: A Handbook. Wilmette,
     Illinois: Medina Press, 1978.

------. "Mauritania," BBC Summary of World Broadcasts
     [London], April 28, 1987, ME/ W1438/A1/6.

Louis Berger International. Etude de la filière céréalière en
     Mauritanie: Rapport final. Nouakchott: Mauritania,
     Ministère du Développement Rural, 1987.

Martin, Frédéric. Cereals Policy Reform in the Sahel:
     Mauritania. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation
     and Development, 1986.

Mauritania. Economic and Financial Recovery Program, 1985-
     1988. Paris: 1985.

Mauritania. Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances. Bulletin
     trimestriel de statistique. Nouakchott: 1986.

"Mauritania: Outpost of the Desert," Courier [Brussels],
     No. 98, July-August 1986, 40-56.

United Nations. Conference on Trade and Development. Handbook
     of International Trade and Development Statistics: Supplement,
     1986. New York: 1986.

------. Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD Commodity
     Yearbook, 1986. New York: 1987.

------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Atlas of Living
     Resources of the Sea. (Fisheries Series.) Rome: 1981.

------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Bulletin of Fishery
     Statistics. (Fishery Fleet Statistics, No. 27.) Rome:
     1985.

------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Country Tables.
     Rome: 1987.

------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Food and Agriculture
     Organization Production Yearbook. (Statistics Series, No.
     70.) Rome: 1986.

------. Food and Agriculture Organization. Yearbook of Fishery
     Statistics: 1985 Fishery Commodities. (Fisheries Series,
     No. 28; Statistics Series, No. 75.) Rome: 1987.

------. International Labour Organisation. Economically Active
     Population, 1950-2025, II. Geneva: 1986.

United States. Agency for International Development.
     Congressional Presentation, Fiscal Year 1989: Annex I.
     Africa. Washington: 1988.

------. Country Development Strategy Statement, FY 1986:
     Mauritania. Washington: 1984.

United States. Central Intelligence Agency. World Fact Book,
     1988. Washington: GPO, 1988.

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs.
     Office of Public Communication. Background Notes:
     Mauritania. (Department of State Publication, No. 8169.)
     Washington: GPO, March 1985.

World Bank. World Development Report, 1986. New York:
     Oxford University Press, 1986.

World Resources Institute and International Institute for
     Environment and Development. World Resources, 1986.
     New York: Basic Books, 1986.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Africa Economic Digest
[London]; Africa Research Bulletin [Devon, United
Kingdom]; Afrique Défense [Paris]; Afrique
industrie [Paris]; Bulletin de l'Afrique Noire
[Paris]; Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report of Guinea,
Mali, Mauritania [London] and Quarterly Economic Review of
Guinea, Mali, Mauritania [London]; Jeune Afrique
[Paris]; Marchés tropicaux et Méditerranéens [Paris];
Middle East Economic Digest [London]; and West
Africa [London].)

Chapter 4

Ahonto, Lucien. "La voie démocratique," Afrique-Asie
     [Paris], No. 391, January 12-25, 1987, 14-15.

Arnaud, J.C. Les institutions politiques de la Mauritanie.
     Nouakchott: Ecole Nationale d'Administration, 1975

Balens, Jean-Louis. "Le système politique mauritanien." Pages 279-
     319 in Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés
     Méditerranéennes and Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire (eds.),
     Introduction à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du
     Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

de Benoist, J. R. "La Mauritanie entre deux océans et deux
     Afriques," Croissance des jeunes nations [Paris], No.
     242, September 1982, 11-15.

Blackburn, Peter. "Africa's Famine Worsening Despite Aid: Coup
     Leader in Mauritania Faces War and Drought," Christian
     Science Monitor, December 17, 1984, 9.

------. "Death of a Culture?" Christian Science Monitor,
     June 9, 1987, 25.

Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes
     and Centre d'Études d'Afrique Noire (eds.). Introduction
     à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Constentin, François, and Christien Coulon. "Les relations
     internationales de la Mauritanie." Pages 323-60 in Centre de
     Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes and
     Centre d'Études d'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction à la
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Curran, Brian Dean, and Joann Schrock. Mauritania: A Country
     Study. (DA PAM 550-161.) Washington: GPO for Foreign Area
     Studies, The American University, 1980.

de Chassey, Francis. "L'évolution des structures sociales en
     Mauritanie de la colonisation à nos jours." Pages 235-77 in
     Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés
     Méditerranéennes and Centre d'Études d'Afrique Noire (eds.),
     Introduction à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du
     Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Delcalo, Samuel. "Praetorianism, Corporate Grievances, and
     Idiosyncratic Factors in African Military Hierarchies." Pages
     71-87 in Marian E. Doro and Newell M. Stultz (eds.),
     Governing in Black Africa. New York: Africana, 1986.

Désiré-Vuillemin, Geneviève. "Aperçu historique de la Mauritanie du
     xixe siècle à l'indépendance." Pages 67-100 in
     Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés
     Méditerranéennes and
     Centre d'Études d'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction à la
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Doucet, Lyse. "Mauritania Polls Show Influence of West,"
     Guardian [London], December 19, 1986, 7.

Eagleton, William, Jr. "The Islamic Republic of Mauritania,"
     Middle East Journal, 19, No. 1, Winter 1965, 45-53.

"Ethnic Tensions in Mauritania," Africa News, September
     29, 1986, 14-15.

Gellner, Ernest, and Charles Micaud (eds.). Arabs and Berbers:
     From Tribe to Nation in North Africa. London: Gerald
     Duckworth, 1973.

Gerteiny, Alfred G. "The Racial Factor and Politics in the Islamic
     Republic of Mauritania," Race [London], 8, No. 1,
     January 1967, 263-75.

Haidara, Saouti. "Les officiers noirs 'organisent," Africa
     International [Dakar, Senegal], No. 190, January 1987,
     55-56.

Hillings, David et al. "Mauritania." Pages 671-84 in Africa
     South of the Sahara. (16th ed.) London: Europa, 1987.

Hodges, Tony. "Mauritania after the Coup," Africa Report,
     23, No. 6, November-December 1978, 13-18.

Horowitz, Donald L. Ethnic Groups in Conflict. Berkeley:
     University of California Press, 1985.

Jackson, Robert H., and Carl G. Rotberg. Personal Rule in Black
     Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Kane, Chérif. "Appel à la clémence," Afrique nouvelle
     [Dakar, Senegal], No. 1771, June 15-21, 1983, 9.

Kouza, Bouzid. "Nouakchott au pied du Mur?" Afrique-Asie
     [Paris], No. 394, February 23, 1986, 13-14.

Lambelin, Charles. "New Mauritanian Strongman Tackles Economic
     Ills," Reuters North European Service, May 31, 1985.

Legum, Colin (ed.). Africa Contemporary Record: Annual Survey
     and Documents, 1985-1986. New York: Africana, 1987.

"Maaouya Ould Taya: Un an déjà!," Bidiiw l'étoile [Dakar,
     Senegal], No. 8, June-July 1986, 18-19.

"Mauritania Coup Ousts President," New York Times,
     December 13, 1984, 12.

"Mauritania: Outpost of the Desert," Courier [Brussels],
     No. 98, July-August 1986, 40-56.

"Mauritania: The Oppressed," Africa Confidential [London],
     27, No. 23, November 12, 1986, 5-6.

Moore, Clement H. "One-Partyism in Mauritania," Journal of
     Modern African Studies [Cambridge], 3, No. 3, October
     1965, 402-20.

Neuberger, Benyamin. National Self-Determination in
     Postcolonial Africa. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner,
     1986.

Piquemal-Pastré, Marcel. La république islamique de
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions Berger-Levrault, 1969.

Ranger, Terence. "Resistance in Africa: From Nationalist Revolt to
     Agrarian Protest." Pages 32-52 in Gary Okihiro (ed.), In
     Resistance: Studies in African, Caribbean, and Afro-American
     History. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press,
     1986.

"La relance," Bidiiw l'étoile [Dakar, Senegal], No. 8,
     June-July 1986, 21-23.

Santucci, J.-C. "La Mauritanie dans les relations inter-
     Maghrebines." Pages 361-82 in Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes
     sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes and Centre d'Etudes
     d'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction à la Mauritanie.
     Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche
     Scientifique, 1979.

Sawyer, Roger. Slavery in the Twentieth Century. New York:
     Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986.

Schissel, Howard. "Taya at the Helm," Africa Report, 31,
     No. 4, July-August 1986, 85-88.

Schumacher, Edward. "Democracy Eludes the Mauritanians," New
     York Times, February 28, 1985, 3.

------. "Drought Turns Nomads' World Upside Down," New York
     Times, March 2, 1985, 1.

Seck, Coumba. "La femme mauritanienne dans le développement,"
     Bidiiw l'étoile [Dakar, Senegal], 8, June-July 1986,
     25-26.

Stewart, Charles C. "Political Authority and Social Stratification
     in Mauritania." Pages 375-93 in Ernest Gellner and Charles
     Micaud (eds.), Arabs and Berbers: From Tribe to Nation in
     North Africa. London: Gerald Duckworth, 1973.

United States. Department of State. Mauritania Post
     Report. Washington: April 1985.

Vergara, Francisco. "L'économie de la Mauritanie et son
     développement." Pages 177-234 in Centre de Recherches et
     d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes and Centre d'Etudes
     d'Afrique Noire (eds.), Introduction à la Mauritanie.
     Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche
     Scientifique, 1979.

Zartman, I. William. "Africa and the West: The French Connection."
     Pages 39-58 in Bruce E. Arlinghaus (ed.), African Security
     Issues: Sovereignty, Stability, and Solidarity. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

------. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and Intervention in
     Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: African Defence Journal
[Paris]; Africa Research Bulletin (Economy Series and
Political Series) [Exeter, United Kingdom]; Afrique
défense [Paris]; BBC Summary of World Broadcasts
[London]; Chaab [Nouakchott]; Economist Intelligence Unit,
Country Report of Guinea, Mali, Mauritania [London] and
Quarterly Economic Review of Senegal, Mali, Mauritania,
Guinea [London]; Foreign Broadcast Information Service,
Daily Report: Middle East and Africa; Jeune
Afrique [Paris]; Marchés tropicaux et Méditerranéens
[Paris]; and West Africa [London].)

Chapter 5

Arlinghaus, Bruce E. (ed.). African Security Issues:
     Sovereignty, Stability, and Solidarity. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.

Arlinghaus, Bruce E., and Pauline H. Baker (eds.). African
     Armies: Evolution and Capabilities. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1986.

Baynham, Simon (ed.). Military Power and Politics in Black
     Africa. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

Becker, Harold K., and Donna Lee Becker. Handbook of the
     World's Police. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press,
     1986.

Centre de Recherches et d'Etudes sur les Sociétés Méditerranéennes
     and Centre d'Etudes d'Afrique Noire (eds.). Introduction
     à la Mauritanie. Paris: Editions du Centre National de la
     Recherche Scientifique, 1979.

Chaigneau, Pascal. La politique militaire de la France en
     Afrique. Paris: Le Centre des Hautes Etudes sur l'Afrique
     et l'Asie Modernes, 1984.

de Chassey, Francis. Mauritanie 1900-1975 de l'ordre colonial
     à l'ordre néo-colonial entre Maghreb et Afrique Noire.
     Paris: Editions Anthropos, 1978.

Doyle, Mark. "Haidallah Ousted," West Africa [London],
     December 17, 1984, 2564.

"L'école des sables," Frères d'armes [Paris], No. 144, 
     January-February 1987, 21-24.

"Ethnic Tensions in Mauritania," Africa News, September
     29, 1986, 14-15.

Foltz, William S., and Henry S. Bienen (eds.). Arms and the
     African. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985.

Hillings, David et al. "Mauritania." Pages 671-84 in Africa
     South of the Sahara. (16th ed.) London: Europa, 1987.

Jane's Infantry Weapons. (Ed., Ian V. Hogg.) London:
     Jane's, 1985.

Keegan, John (ed.). World Armies. (2d ed.) Detroit: Gale
     Research, 1979.

Kouza, Bouzid. "Nouakchott au pied du Mur?" Afrique-Asie
     [Paris], No. 394, February 23-March 8, 1986, 13-14.

Luckham, Robin. "Le militarisme français en Afrique," Politique
     Africaine [Paris], 2, No. 5, February 1982, 95-110.

------. "Le militarisme français en Afrique," Politique
     Africaine [Paris], 2, No. 6, May 1982, 45-71.

"Mauritania," Flight International [London], February 8,
     1986, 42.

"Mauritania: Second-Class Citizens on Trial," Africa
     Report, 31, No. 6, November-December 1986, 45-46.

"Mauritania: The Oppressed," Africa Confidential [London],
     27, No. 23, November 12, 1986, 5-6.

"Mauritanie," Europe Outremer [Paris], September 1, 1986,
     144-50.

"Mauritanie: Un changement d'ordre interne," Revolution
     Africaine [Algiers], December 21-27, 1984, 43-44.

The Military Balance, 1986-1987. London: International
     Institute for Strategic Studies, 1986.

Ndiaye, Jean-Pierre. "Présence et culture des Nègres mauritaniens,"
     Jeune Afrique [Paris], No. 1353, December 10, 1986,
     54.

"Les officiers stagiaires de 2e Armée de la promotion
     `Général Monclar'," Frères d'armes [Paris], No. 144,
     January-February 1987, 44-49.

Paxton, John (ed.). The Statesman's Year-Book World
     Gazetteer. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986.

Sadlowski, Manfred (ed.). "The Balance of Military Power: World
     Defense Almanac," Military Technology [Bonn], No.
     13/86, December 1986, 310.

Schissel, Howard. "Taya at the Helm," Africa Report, 31,
     No. 4, July-August 1986, 85-88.

Thompson, Virginia, and Richard Adloff. The Western
     Saharans. London: Croom Helm, 1980.

Toupet, Charles (ed.), Atlas de la République Islamique de
     Mauritanie. Paris: Editions Jeune Afrique, 1977.

United States. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs.
     Office of Public Communication. Background Notes:
     Mauritania. (Department of State Publication, No. 8169.)
     Washington: GPO, March 1985.

Venter, Al J. "French Reaction Force," Soldier of Fortune,
     12, No. 1, January 1987, 44-47.

World Defence Almanac (Military Technology, No. 13/86), December
     1986, 310.

Zartman, I. William. Ripe for Resolution: Conflict and
     Intervention in Africa. New York: Oxford University
     Press, 1985.

    (Various issues of the following publications were also used in
the preparation of this chapter: Africa Economic Digest
[London]; African Defence Journal [Paris]; Africa
Research Bulletin (Political Series) [Exeter, United Kingdom];
Afrique défense [Paris]; Afrique nouvelle [Dakar,
Senegal]; Economist Intelligence Unit, Quarterly Economic
Review of Senegal, Mali, Mauritania, Guinea [London];
Jeune Afrique [Paris]; Marchés tropicaux et
Méditerranéens [Paris]; and West Africa [London].)