Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population and Annual Growth Rates, Census Years 1911-80

Census YearPopulationYears CoveredAverage Annual Growth Rate (in percentage)
1911336,742n.a.n.a.
1920446,0981911-203.17
1930467,4591920-300.47
1940622,5761930-402.76
1950805,2851940-502.56
19601,075,5411950-602.94
19701,428,0821960-703.06
19801,831,3991970-802.52

n.a.--not applicable.

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 38-39.

Table 3. Annual Population Growth Rates, by Province, 1970-80

ProvinceAnnual Growth Rate (in percentage)
Bocas del Toro3.07
Coclé1.78
Colón2.11
Chiriquí2.37
Darién2.17
Herrera1.74
Los Santos0.48
Panamß3.49
Veraguas1.63

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Estadística Panameña, No. 970, Panama City, March 1985, 6-7.

Table 4. Indigenous Population, by Province or Territory, 19801

Province or TerritoryTotalIndigenous PopulationPercent Indigenous
Bocas del Toro .53,48717,46833.00
Chiriquí287,35030,86211.00
Comarca de San Blas .28,62127,58896.00
Darién26,5248,92434.00
Panamß831,0482,2940.30
Veraguas173,2455,9553.00
PANAMA21,831,39993,0915.00

1 Provinces of Colón, Coclé, Los Santos, and Herrera do not contain significant numbers of Indians, and statistics were not available for those provinces.
2 Total is for all nine provinces and the Comarca de San Blas.

Source:Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 48-49.

Table 5. Illiteracy Rates for Population over Ten Years of Age, by Sex, 1970 and 1980

19701980
Male101,93184,515
Female101,35189,610
TOTAL203,282174,125
Percentage of Total Population21 13

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 252.

Table 6. Educational Enrollment, Selected Years, 1950-83

1950196019701975 19791980198119821983
Preprimaryn.a.n.a.n.a.18,67718,13622,61624,65625,8 4325,843
Primary.110,059161,800255,287325,394373,823337,522335,239 336,740335,950
Secondary117,51938,96478,466125,745137,816171,273174,078 174,791176,916
Postsecondary1,5194,0308,15922,58138,86541,31143,96447,592 47,131
Other2n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.13,08514,4589,90512,6118,653
TOTAL129,097204,794341,912473,720582,266582,700585,802 596,390594,493

n.a.--not available.
1 Includes both technical and academic programs.
2 Includes special education and vocational courses of less than three years.

Sources:Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1973-1977, Panama City, November 1978, 176-80; and Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 261-62.

Table 7. Education Budgets, 1979-84

Ministry of EducationUniversity of Panama
Amount of Total Budget*PercentageAmount of Total Budget*Percentage
197985,03718.416,6813.6
1980110,91315.317,3322.4
1981120,15315.221,4552.7
1982133,86212.122,8012.1
1983145,92712.726,6652.3
1984217,84018.332,2942.7

*In thousands of balboas; for value of the balboa--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 266.

Table 8. Government Spending for Education, by Level of Instruction, 1979-83

(in thousands of balboas)*
1979198019811982 1983
Primary63,44174,25470,76068,50274,605
Secondary32,17733,64437,44147,16148,525
University19,76924,31631,89741,10543,442
Adult education8661261,5231,161845
Other39,39449,77353,41256,23861,708
TOTAL155,647182,113195,033214,167229,125

*For value of the balboa--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 268.

Table 9. Schools, Classrooms, and Teachers, Selected Years, 1950-83

YearPrimarySecondaryPostsecond ary
1950
Schools950781
Classroomsn.a.n.a.n.a.
Teachers3,415959n.a.
1960
Schools1,2981272
Classroomsn.a.n.a.n.a.
Teachers5,3091,704191
1970
Schools1,7841922
Classroomsn.a.n.a.n.a.
Teachers1,7843,784448
1975
Schools2,1712092
Classroomsn.a.n.a.n.a.
Teachers10,6855,670869
1980
Schools2,3063012
Classrooms11,2803,763318
Teachers12,3618,1381,310
1981
Schools2,3163072
Classrooms11,5083,947370
YearPrimarySecondaryPostsecondary
Teachers12,3938,6101,586
1982
Schools2,3473133
Classrooms11,7263,973451
Teachers12,8538,9281,705
1983
Schools2,3763213
Classrooms11,2894,011506
Teachers12,6139,2491,766

n.a.--not available

Sources: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1973-1977, Panama City, November 1978, 176-80; and Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 256-59.

Table 10. Life Expectancy at Birth, by Sex, 1965 and 1985

19651985
Male6269
Female6473

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 76; and World Bank, World Development Report 1986, New York, 1986, 233.

Table 11. Medical Facilities, by Location, 1983

HospitalsMedical CentersLocal Clinics
Cities
Panama City1220n.a.
Colón25n.a.
Provinces
Bocas del Toro3456
Chiriquí63198
Coclé31746
Colón31747
Darién3532
Herrera51123
Los Santos41114
Panamß165363
Veraguas31751
Indigenous Territory
Comarca de San Blas4413

n.a.--not available

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census. Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 221.

Table 12. Medical Personnel and Facilities, per 10,000 Inhabitants, by Location, 1983

Hospital BedsDoctorsNurses
Cities
Panama City9121.828.1
Colón4812.515.4
Provinces
Bocas del Toro314.16.5
Chiriquí256.15.9
Coclé244.44.1
Colón248.28.3
Darién253.63.2
Herrera425.65.6
Los Santos676.16.1
Panamß4513.914.4
Veraguas172.63.2
Indigenous Territory
Comarca de San Blas222.31.1
PANAMA369.09.4

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 223-26.

Table 13. Birth and Death Rates, 1979-83

per 1,000 Inhabitants
1979198019811982 1983
Live Births
Urban26.125.525.125.925.7
Rural30.228.928.927.426.6
Panama28.227.227.026.726.2
Mortality
All deaths
Urban4.24.14.04.24.4
Rural4.54.23.93.73.8
Panama4.44.24.04.04.1
Infant*
Urban21.519.419.717.118.8
Rural27.723.924.722.622.1
Panama24.621.722.219.920.5
Maternal
Urban0.40.20.40.50.2
Rural1.01.10.81.21.0
Panama0.70.70.60.90.6

* Aged less than one year.

Source: Based on information from Panama, Directorate of Statistics and Census, Panamß en Cifras: Años 1979-1983, Panama City, November 1984, 61.

Table 14. Central Government Budgets, 1981-85

(in millions of balboas)
1981198219831984 19852
Consolidated public sector
Revenues1,169.01,264.51,385.51,424.61,531.8
Expenditures1,383.71,726.51,650.21,699.01,654.8
Balance-214.7-462.0-264.7-274.4-123.0
Unconsolidated public-sector
balance36.6-2.017.48.012.0
Total public-sector borrowing requirement208.1464.0247.3266.4121.0
As percentage of GDP45.410.85.75.82.5

1 For value of the balboa--see Glossary.
2 Estimate.
3 To which no transfers are made.
4 GDP--gross domestic product--see Glossary.

Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General de la República de Panamß, 1987.

Table 15. Distribution of Labor Force by Sector, Selected Years, 1965-85

(in percentage)
Sector196519731980198 5
Agriculture46.338.631.826.5
Industry15.817.818.116.1
Services37.943.650.157.4
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0

Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General de la República de Panamß, 1987.

Table 16. External Trade, 1980-85

(in millions of United States dollars at current prices)
1980198119821983 198419851
Exports
Bananas61.669.266.075.074.778.1
Petroleum233.3209.1166.6131.2134.4100.6
Shrimp43.7 42.752.951.446.753.4
Sugar65.852.623.741.342.633.3
Manufactures.31.531.438.729.334.545.0
Other90.288.9140.9109.994.0104.1
Total exports f.o.b.2526.1493.9488.8438.1426.9414.5
Imports
Food123.0115.4124.1130.0127.8142.6
POL3 and other energy sources424.4426.1408.6384.0350.2271.8
Other consumer goods162.5195.0203.2196.5206.9197.8
Other intermediate goods373.4413.6404.5360.6392.8439.7
Capital goods258.7319.8355.6280.8264.4288.2
Total imports c.i.f.1,342.01,469.91,496.01,351.91,342.11,340.1

1 Preliminary.
2 f.o.b--free on board.
3 POL--Petroleum, oil and lubricants.
4 c.i.f--Cost, insurance and freight.

Source: Based on unpublished data provided by the Controloría General de la República de Panamß, 1987.

Table 17. Balance of Payments, 1980-85

(in millions of United States dollars at current prices)
1980198119821983 19841985*
Exports of goods and non-factor services(NFS) and NFS1,644.61,734.3 1,769.31,774.4 1,742.41,819.6
Imports of goods-1,697.6 -1,854.6-1,870.5 -1,697.0-1,679.7 - 1,705.3
Resource balance-53.0-120.3-101.277.462.7114.3
Net factor income-283.0-271.2-349.8-324.2-375.8-370.2
Net current transfers14.431.245.644.389.683.3
CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE-321.6-360.3-405.4-202.5-223.5- 172.6
Capital
Long-term capital inflow131.6402.0492.1386.0250.4130.6
Total other items (net).186.1-5.1-85.4-95.41.7-24.9
Net short-term capital-90.437.7-125.8-177.5-80.3-229.1
CAPITAL ACCOUNT BALANCE227.3434.6280.9113.1171.8-123.4
Net errors and omissions-276.542.8-40.4-82.1-67.6-136.4
Change in net reserves3.9-36.6-1.3-88.1-14.2134.7

*Preliminary.

Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General de la República de Panamß, 1987.

Table 18. External Capital and Debt, 1980-85

(in millions of United States dollars at current prices)
1980198119821983 198419851
Public and publicly guaranteed external debt2,283.4 2,441.32,926.73,146.53,229.73,275.6
Official creditors581.2682.2830.51,006.01,078.91,144.3
Multilateral327.5358.8432.3558.3660.4741.0
Bilateral253.7323.4398.2447.7418.5403.3
Private creditors1,702.21,759.12,096.22,140.52,150.82,131.3
Suppliers35.729.229.127.150.142.5
Financial markets1,666.51,729.92,067.12,113.42,100.72,088.8
IMF credit223.193.684.0192.8271.1311.2
TOTAL EXTERNAL DEBT.2,306.52,534.93,010.73,339.3 3,500.83,586.8
Percentage of total long-term debt on concessional terms12.2 12.811.811.511.712.1
(with variable interest rates)52.251.155.957.057.759.5

1 Estimate.
2 IMF--International Monetary Fund.

Source: Based on unpublished data provided by Controloría General de la República de Panamß, 1987.

Table 19. United States Military Aid and Sales to Panama, Fiscal Years 1980-86

(in thousands of United States dollars)
Fiscal YearFMS Deliveries 1Commercial Arms SalesMAP 2IMETP 3
198018729,2413270
1981154752n.a.328
19823601,0001359
19834811,504n.a.466
19845461,800n.a.453
19852,124594n.a.575
198612,488560n.a.507

n.a.--not available.
1 FMS--Foreign Military Sales.
2 MAP--Military Assistance Program.
3 IMETP--International Military Education and Training Program.

Source: Based on information from United States, Department of Defense, Security Assistance Agency, Foreign Military Sales, Foreign Military Construction Sales, and Military Assistance Facts, Washington, 1986.