Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Population, Selected Years, 1801- 19921

(in thousands)
YearPopulationYearPopulation
18013,11519508,510
18644,28719608,889
18784,66919708,663
19005,44719819,776
19206,0801989210,337
19306,8021992210,448
19407,755

1 Includes the population of the Azores and Madeira.
2 Estimate.

Table 3. Estimated Population by District and Autonomous Region, December 1989

(in thousands)
Administrative DivisionPopulation
Districts
Aveiro674.4
Beja173.2
Braga784.8
Bragança182.8
Castelo Branco218.7
Coimbra446.7
Évora171.5
Faro344.9
Guarda191.8
Leiria436.5
Lisbon2,130.6
Portalegre134.9
Porto1,695.1
Santarém459.0
Setúbal817.9
Viana do Castelo266.9
Vila Real259.8
Viseu419.4
Autonomous regions
Azores253.1
Madeira275.0
TOTAL10,337.0

Source: Based on information from Portugal, Instituto Nacional de Estatística, Estatísticas Demográficas: Continente, Açores, e Madeira, 1989, Lisbon, 1990, 34.

Table 4. Selected Economic Indicators, 1960-73 and 1981-90

(in average annual percentage changes)
1960-731981-90
Gross domestic product (GDP)6.92.7
Industrial production9.04.8
Private consumption6.52.7
Employment-0.51.4
Labor productivity*7.41.3
Investment productivity28.610.1
Inflation4.017.9

*GDP growth rate/employment growth.

Source: Based on information from European Community, Commission, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, European Economy, No. 46, Brussels, December 1990, 126, Table 1; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Surveys: Portugal, 1991-1992, Statistical Annex, Paris, 1992, 112.

Table 5. Government Transactions, 1973, 1984, and 1990

(as a percentage of GDP)1
197319841990
Current account
Revenues
Direct taxes and social insurance contributions10.317.720.0
Indirect taxes10.815.215.2
Other1.61.74.0
Total revenues22.734.639.2
Expenditures
Goods and services13.214.416.2
Subsidies1.07.61.5
Current transfers4.813.613.4
Interest paid0.47.18.2
Other0.1--- 0.9
Total expenditures19.542.740.2
Capital account
Revenuesn.a.0.31.3
Expenditures
Investment2.32.63.7
Capital transfers0.91.62.0
Total expenditures3.24.25.7
Overall balance2n.a.-12.0-5.4
Lending capacity (+) or borrowing requirement (-)1.4-13.4-6.3

--- means negligible.
n.a.--not available.
1 GDP--gross domestic product.
2 Includes financial transactions and other adjustments.

Source: Based on information from Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1981, Paris, 1981, 23, Table 11; Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1988- 89, Paris, 1989, 44, Table 15; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Survey: Portugal, 1991- 1992, Paris, 1992, 55, Table 13.

Table 6. Composition of Labor Force by Sector, 1960, 1973, and 1990

Sector19601973 1990
ThousandsPercentage ThousandsPercentageThousands Percentage
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing1,36343.681227.884717.8
Industry, including construction89728.71,04235.61,65534.8
Services86627.71,07236.62,25447.4
TOTAL*3,126100.02,925100.04,756100.0

* Figures may not add to totals because of rounding.

Source: Based on information from Portugal, Secretaria-General da Assembleia Nacional, III Plano de Fomento para 1968-1973, Lisbon, 1967, 321; Portugal, Presidencia do Conselho, IV Plano de Fomento, 1974-1979, I, Lisbon, 1973, 75-76, Tables VII and XV; and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Economic Outlook: Historical Statistics, 1960-1990, Paris, 1992, 40-41.

Table 7. Grain Crop Yields of Selected European Countries, 1990

(in kilograms per hectare)
CropPortugalGreeceSpain West GermanyFrance
Cereals1,7312,7692,4885,7906,205
Wheat1,5021,7582,3736,6156,487
Rice4,5986,2506,39705,737
Barley1,1711,7392,1605,4326,499
Corn2,4628,7636,3996,7895,808

Source: Based on information from Food and Agriculture Organization, Yearbook: Production, 1990, 44, Rome, 1991, 67-80, Tables 15, 16, 17, 19, and 20.

Table 8. Collective Production Units by District, 1979

DistrictsNumber of UnitsTotal Area of Units*Average Area per Unit*
Évora165392,0002,376
Beja80284,2583,553
Setúbal7892,0001,179
Portalegre61257,0004,213
Santarém5143,957862
Lisbon,Castelo Branco, and Faro1411,062790
PORTUGAL4491,080,2772,406

* In hectares.

Source: Based on information from International Labour Organisation, Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal, Geneva, 1979, 142, Table 71.

Table 9. Foreign Trade by Country, 1985 and 1990

(in percentages)
Country19851990
Exports, f.o.b.1
European Community
Britain14.612.1
West Germany13.716.7
France12.715.5
Spain4.113.3
Italy3.94.0
Other13.512.1
Total European Community262.573.7
United States9.24.8
Previous Escudo Area33.93.4
OPEC42.50.6
Other21.917.5
Total exports100.0100.0
Imports, c.i.f.5
European Community
West Germany11.514.3
France8.011.5
Britain7.57.5
Spain7.414.4
Italy5.210.0
Other6.311.4
Total European Community45.969.1
United States9.73.9
Previous Escudo Area1.20.4
OPEC17.36.8
Other25.919.8
Total imports100.0100.0

1 f.o.b.--free on board.
2 Including figures for Spain, not yet a member.
3 Former Portuguese colonies in Africa.
4 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
5 c.i.f.--cost, insurance, and freight.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Portugal, Report of the Directors and Economic and Financial Survey for the Year 1990, Statistical Appendix, Lisbon, 1991, Tables 2.2.1 and 2.2.2.

Table 10. External Public Debt and Debt- Service Indicators, Selected Years, 1980-90

1980198219851987 1990
External debt (in millions of United States dollars)8,97813,46416,68218,46418,434
External debt as a percentage of reserves156.3110.5167.2116.672.2
External debt as a percentage of GDP236.358.880.450.328.9
Debt service (interest and amortization) as a percentage of current account credits15.227.037.030.616.7
Interest payments as a percentage of GDP3.05.66.53.32.93

1 Reserves consist of gross foreign assets of the Bank of Portugal and the Treasury, with gold valued at market prices.
2 GDP--gross domestic product.
3 1989.

Source: Based on information from Bank of Portugal, Annual Report, Lisbon, various years.

Table 11. Parliamentary Election Results, 1975-91

19751976 19791980
PartySeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of Votes
PS1115 37.910735.07427.47427.8
PSD28026.47324.012845.213447.5
CDS3167.64215.9--- 4---4---4---4
PCP53012.54014.64718.84116.9
PRD6---7--- 7---7---7---7---7--- 7---7
1983 19851987 1991
PartySeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of VotesSeatsPercentage of Votes
PS10136.35720.86022.37229.3
PSD7527.08829.914850.213550.4
CDS3012.42210.044.454.4
PCP4418.23815.53112.2178.8
PRD---7--- 74517.974.900.6

1 Partido Socialista (Socialist Party). The PS was in an electoral coalition, the Republican and Socialist Front (Frente Repúblicana e Socialista--FRS), with several smaller parties for the 1980 election.
2 Partido Social Democrata (Social Democrat Party).
3 Partido do Centro Democrático Social (Party of the Social Democratic Center).
4 The PSD, the CDS, and two smaller parties formed an electoral coalition, the Democratic Alliance (Aliança Democrática--AD), for the 1979 and 1980 elections.
5 Partido Comunista Português (Portuguese Communist Party). The PCP formed electoral coalitions with other leftist groups for parliamentary elections beginning in 1979: the United People's Alliance (Aliança Povo Unido--APU) for the 1980, 1983, and 1985 elections; and the Democratic Unitary Coalition (Coligaçþo Democrático Unitário--CDU) for the 1987 and 1991 elections.
6 Partido Renovador Democrático (Party of Democratic Renovation).
7 The PRD was not established until 1985.

Table 12. Major Army Equipment, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Tanks
M-47United States60
M-48A5-do-86
Armored vehicles
M-113 personnel carriers-do-172
Chaimite V-200Portugal81
Saladin reconnaissance vehiclesBritain29
Ferret Mk 4 scout cars-do-32
AML 60 armored carsFrance55
Self-propelled artillery
155mm M-109A2 howitzersUnited States6
Towed artillery
105mm M-101-do-54
105mm M-56 pack-do-24
5.5-inch medium guns (140mm)Britain24
155mm M-114 howitzersUnited States40
Coastal artillery
150mm, 152mm, and 234mmBritain and other27
Mortars
107mm M-30United States55
120mmFinland100
Antitank weapons
90mm and 106mm recoilless riflesUnited States240
TOW missiles-do-46
SS-11 wire-guided missilesFrance31
Milan wire-guided missiles-do-45
Air defense weapons
20mm M-163A1 Vulcan self-propelledUnited States34
20mm Rh-202Germany30
40mm L-60 BoforsSweden322
Blowpipe surface-to-air missilesBritain12
Chaparral surface-to-air missilesUnited Statesn.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 1992, London, 1991, 70; and Jane's NATO Handbook, 1990- 91, Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom, 1990, 461.

Table 13. Major Naval Equipment, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Frigates
Vasco da Gama class (MEKO-200)Germany3
Joþo Belo classFrance4
Baptista de Andrade classSpain4
Joþo Continho classGermany and Spain6
Submarines
Albacora (Daphné) classFrance3
Coastal patrol vessels
Sþo Roque class (converted minesweepers)Portugal4
Cacine class (large)-do-10
Dom Aleixo class-do-2
Albatroz class-do-6
Amphibious vessels
Bombarda class LCT (landing craft, tank)-do-3
LDM-400 class LCM (landing craft, mechanized)-do-6
LDM-100 class LCM-do-3

Source: Based on information from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1990- 91, London, 1990, 460-64.

Table 14. Major Air Force Equipment, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginIn Inventory
Fighter-ground attack
A-7P Corsair (including six training versions)United States38
Alpha JetFrance and Germany10
Fiat G-91Italy29
Maritime reconnaissance
P-3P OrionUnited States6
Transport
C-130H Hercules-do-5
CASA C-212 AviocarSpain26
Falcon 20France3
Falcon 50-do-3
Liaison
Reims-Cessna FTB-337G-do-30
Training
Epsilon TB-30-do-18
Cessna T-37CUnited States3
Lockheed T-33A-do-7
Northrop T-38 Talon-do-12
RF-10 AérospatialeFrance3
Helicopters
SA-330 Puma-do-10
SA-316 Alouette III-do-35

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1991- 92, London, 1991, 56.