Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Students, Teachers, and Institutions by Level of Education, 1990-911

Level of EducationMalesFemalesTotal
Students2
Primary919,949768,9341,688,883
Intermediate279,770216,594496,364
Secondary127,042114,231241,273
Higher
University colleges373,16637,562110,728
Girls' colleges019,57019,570
Total higher73,16657,132130,298
Total students1,399,9271,156,8912,556,818
Teachers
Primary55,38145,321100,702
Intermediate20,55915,15935,718
Secondary8,1958,05816,253
Higher
University colleges37,2511,4078,658
Girls' colleges1359791,114
Total higher7,3862,3869,772
Total teachers91,52170,924162,445
Institutions
Primary4,8063,5748,380
Intermediate1,7661,0572,823
Secondary5814861,067
Higher
University colleges367067
Girls' colleges01111
Total higher671178
Total institutions7,2205,12812,348

1 Table includes only institutions under the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Higher Education, and the Directorate General of Girls' Education.
2 Female students are under the supervision of the Directorate General of Girls' Education except those female students at university colleges.
3 Includes girls' sections.

Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Annual Report, 1410-1411, [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 119, 121.

Table 3. Health Facilities and Medical Personnel, 1987-88 Through 1990-91*

1987-881988-891989- 901990-91
Hospitals157162162163
Beds25,90226,31525,91825,835
Primary health-care centers1,4381,4771,6391,668
Physicians11,32611,94012,61712,959
Nurses25,98627,16928,26629,124
Pharmacists and technicians12,79314,01315,12515,329

* Includes Ministry of Health facilities only. In 1990-91 other ministries and government bodies had thirty-one additional hospitals with 3,785 beds. In addition, sixty-four private hospitals had 6,479 hospital beds.

Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Annual Report, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 125-26.

Table 4. Government Budget, 1986-911

(in millions of riyals)2
1986198719881989 19901991
Revenues
Oil164,500154,25074,18373,525n.a.85,910
Other49,60045,75032,74331,775n.a.32,090
Total revenues214,100200,000106,926105,300n.a.118,000
Expenditures
Human resources development30,41324,53323,68923,38824,004 25,869
Transportation and communications22,17314,49710,9049,493 8,5168,006
Economic resources development12,5339,0816,6155,8885,039 4,719
Health and social development16,13412,89211,09410,80610,634 11,239
Infrastructure development9,8336,9244,2993,5552,8072,586
Municipal services17,06311,8908,1107,0175,4305,520
Defense and security79,89263,95654,22650,08047,81248,689
Public administration43,92838,58430,97425,05831,34529,188
Government lending institutions17,5009,3003,590590n.a.n.a.
Local subsidies10,5298,3436,1455,3254,8737,184
Total expenditures259,998200,000159,646141,200140,460 143,000
TOTAL-45,8980-52,720- 35,900n.a.-25,000

n.a.--not available.
1 As of 1986, Saudi Arabia changed from a fiscal year based on the Islamic lunar calendar to a fiscal year beginning December 31 and ending December 30.
2 For value of the riyal--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 123.

Table 5. Gross Domestic Product by Sector, 1985-89

(in millions of constant 1970 riyals)*
Sector198519861987198 81989
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing3,1933,6734,2754,7365,068
Crude petroleum and natural gas7,40211,1609,57811,67211,581
Other mining and quarrying182177173175181
Petroleum refining2,3832,4813,1913,6733,369
Other manufacturing3,0712,9852,9753,0643,186
Electricity, gas, and water9791,0331,0931,1591,218
Construction4,2593,7323,6273,4463,428
Wholesale and retail trade8,4178,0977,9567,8777,798
Transportation and communications4,5224,3984,2934,3364,358
Finance, real estate, and business services4,8334,0843,995 4,0664,115
Community, social, and personal services864829819845858
Producers of government services5,1855,1995,1755,1915,329
Import duties369312337810658
Imputed bank service charges- 355-337-323-317-322
TOTAL45,30447,82347,16450,73350,825

* For value of the riyal--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 132-35.

Table 6. Oil and Gas Reserves, Discoveries, and Production, 1986-901

1986198719881989 1990
Oil2
Reserves
Saudi Arabia167167252258259
Divided Zone33332
Total reserves17017025532613261
Cumulative discoveries223225226233235
Gas4
Reserves
Saudi Arabia142177180181n.a.
Divided Zone6666n.a.
Total reserves148183186187n.a.
Discoveries13.17.40.04.52.0

n.a.--not available.
1 As published.
2 In billions of barrels.
3 Based on reestimation.
4 In trillions of cubic feet.

Source: Based on Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, Annual Statistical Bulletin, 1991, Vienna, 1991, 11.

Table 7. Petroleum Exports, 1986-91

(in millions of barrels per day)
1986198719881989 19901991
Crude oil3.2702.4203.0303.3404.8206.740
Refined products
Base oils0.0280.0150.0380.011n.a.n.a.
Gasoline0.1420.2200.2520.263n.a.n.a.
Kerosene and jet fuel0.0410.0910.1000.155n.a.n.a.
Diesel oil0.1830.2600.2250.119n.a.n.a.
Fuel oil0.0620.1360.2030.209n.a.n.a.
Other0.0020.0000.0010.001n.a.n.a.
Total refined products0.4580.7220.8190.7580.7340.612
Liquid petroleum gas0.2980.3340.4020.4170.5300.615
TOTAL4.0263.4764.2514.5156.0847.967

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from United States, Embassy in Riyadh, 1991 Oil Survey: Saudi Arabia, July 1991, n.p.

Table 8. Direction of Oil Exports by Region, 1986-90

(in percentages)
Region198619871988198 91990
Asia40.550.143.343.746.7
Western Europe34.622.324.121.818.4
North America18.621.626.029.927.2
Latin America5.74.44.62.73.7
Africa0.61.62.01.94.0
TOTAL100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Saudi Arabia: Recent Economic Developments, Washington, 1990, Table 25, 74.

Table 9. Production of Major Crops, 1985-86 Through 1989-90

(in thousands of tons)
Crop1985-861986-871987- 881988-891989-90
Barley120154285331362
Citrus fruits1127273535
Dates457503514518520
Eggplant3937658383
Grapes83869396100
Sorghum43117126163200
Tomatoes327427401437463
Watermelons364420428455461
Wheat2,2902,6493,2673,2853,464

Source: Based on information from Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 121; and Ministry of Finance and National Economy, Central Department of Statistics, Statistical Yearbook, 1408 [1988], Riyadh, n.d., 591.

Table 10. Direction of Trade with Industrialized and Developing Countries, 1987- 91

(in millions of United States dollars)
1987198819891990 1991
Exports
Industrialized countries
Japan5,1284,1064,9438,4279,174
United States4,4775,2657,28410,65211,049
West Germany3075562832631,137
Other4,9855,4596,1638,75412,971
Total industrialized countries14,89715,38618,67328,096 34,331
Developing countries
Asia4,2904,7115,1578,47510,887
Middle East1,9481,9962,4984,0893,008
Latin America9079486601,4781,375
Africa3164203961,121988
Other1942013051,0921,072
Total developing countries7,6558,2769,01616,25517,330
Unallocated5075526558
Total exports22,60223,73727,74144,41651,719
Imports
Industrialized countries
Japan3,4703,4833,0143,6894,292
United States3,0693,5403,8434,0227,229
West Germany1,5561,5751,3241,7742,656
Other6,8737,2297,5599,06813,154
Total industrialized countries14,96815,82715,74018,553 27,331
Developing countries
Asia3,3033,5553,1403,1544,845
Middle East710889964915831
Latin America302426337388435
Africa202285184376433
Other501645634523549
Total developing countries5,0185,8005,2595,3567,093
Unallocated124157154160163
Total imports20,11021,78421,15324,06934,587

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook, 1992, Washington, 1992, 341-42.

Table 11. Balance of Payments, 1986-90

(in millions of United States dollars)
1986198719881989 1990
Merchandise exports20,12523,13824,31528,29944,283
Merchandise imports17,06618,28319,80519,23121,490
Trade balance3,0594,8554,5109,06822,793
Service exports13,94413,11412,80913,01212,502
Service imports20,99519,50615,65120,76623,365
Service balance-7,051-6,392-2,842-7,754-10,863
Official transfers, net- 3,000-3,300- 2,499-2,200- 4,401
Private transfers, net-4,804-4,935-6,510-8,342-11,637
Unrequited transfers, net- 7,804-8,235- 9,009-10,542- 16,038
Current account balance- 11,796-9,772- 7,341-9,228- 4,108
Direct foreign investment967-1,175-328- 312n.a.
Portfolio foreign investment3,4516,1503,057-1,786n.a.
Direct foreign investment, net4,4184,9752,729-2,098n.a.
Bank deposits-4,561-1,423-2,216473-2,417
Other sectors4,3198,8625,3087,3461,147
Other capital, net-2427,4393,0927,819-1,270
Capital account balance4,17612,4145,8215,721-1,270
Change in reserves (minus sign means increase)7,620-2,642 1,5203,5075,378

n.a.--not available.

Sou rce: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1992, Washington, 1992, 610-11; and Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, Research and Statistics Department, Statistical Summary, 1410-1411 [1990], Riyadh, 1991, 120.

Table 12. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Land Forces, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginEstimated in Inventory
Tanks
AMX-30France300
M-60A3United States400
Armored vehicles
AML 60/90 armored cars France235
AMX-10P infantry fighting vehicles- do-500+
M-2 Bradley infantry fighting vehiclesUnited States200
M-113 personnel carriers-do-1,700
EE-11 Urutu personnel carriersBrazil30
Panhard M-3 personnel carriersFrance150
Self-propelled artillery
M-109A1B/A2 155mm howitzersUnited States100
GCT 155mm howitzersFrance60
Towed artillery
M-56 pack 105mmUnited States24
M-101/102 105mm (in store)-do-40
M-198 155mm-do-90
Multiple rocket launchers
ASTROS II 180mmBrazil70
Mortars
107mm, 120mmvarious400
Antitank guided weapons
TOW, self-propelledUnited States200
M-47 DragonBritainn.a.
HOT self-propelledFrance90
Recoilless rifles
75mm, 84mm, 90mm, 106mmvariousn.a.
Surface-to-surface missile launchers/CSS-2 intermediate rangeChina30
Surface-to-air missiles
CrotaleFrancen.a.
StingerUnited Statesn.a.
Redeye-do-500
Helicopters
UH-60 Blackhawk (transport)-do- 17
SA-365N medical evacuationFrance6

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1992- 1993, London, 1992, 120.

Table 13. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Air Force, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginNumber in Inventory
Fighter-ground attack aircraft
F-5E Tiger IIUnited States52
Tornado IDSBritain45
Air defense aircraft
F-15C EagleUnited States78
Tornado ADVBritain24
Reconnaissance aircraft
RF-5E TigerUnited States10
Transport aircraft
C-130E/H Hercules-do-41
L-100-30HS (hospital)-do-5
CASA C-212Spain/Indonesia35
Airborne early warning
E-3AUnited States5
Jet fighter conversion trainer/F-5B/F-do- 35
F-15D-do-20
Training
BAC-167 StrikemasterBritain32
Hawk Mk 60-do-30
Pilatus PC-9Britain/Switzerland30
Tankers
KE-3AUnited States8
KC-130H-do-7
Helicopters
AB-205 IroquoisItaly8
AB-206B Jet Ranger-do-13
AB-212 Agusta-do-27
KV-107 KawasakiJapan7

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1992- 193, London, 1992, 121.

Table 14. Major Weapons, Royal Saudi Air Defense Forces, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginNumber in Inventory
Surface-to-air missile launchers
Improved HawkUnited States16
Shahine (mounted on AMX-30SA)France17
Shahine (static defense)-do-73
Antiaircraft guns
M-163 Vulcan 20mm, self-propelledUnited States92
30mm (mounted on AMX-30SA)France50
Oerlikon-Buhrle, 35mmSwitzerland128
Bofors L-70 40mm (in store)Sweden150

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1992- 1993, London, 1992, 121.

Table 15. Major Equipment, Royal Saudi Naval Forces, 1992

Type and DescriptionOriginNumberDate Commissioned or Entered Service
Frigates
Medina class (F-2000), 2,870 tons, Otomat missiles, 100mm gun France41985-86
Corvettes
Badr class (PCG-1), 870 tons, Harpoon missilesUnited States4 1980-83
Fast attack craft
As Siddiq (US 58-m), Harpoon missiles-do-91980- 82
Dammam (Jaguar) torpedo craftWest Germany31969
Mine warfare
MSC-322 minesweepersUnited States41978- 79
Sandown class minesweepersBritain3*1991-93
Amphibious
Landing craft, utility (LCU) 610 typeUnited States4n.a.
Landing craft, medium (LCM)United StatesWest Germany8n.a.
Helicopters
AS-365N Dauphin (20 with antiship missiles, 4 search and air rescue)France241989-90
AS-332 BF Super Puma (6 with torpedoes, 6 with AM 39 Exocet missiles)-do-12n.a.

*--being delivered.
n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from Jane's Information Group, Jane's Fighting Ships, 1991-92, Coulsdon, United Kingdom, 1991, 473-78; and The Military Balance, 1992- 1993, London, 1992, 120-21.

Table 16. Major Equipment, Saudi Arabian National Guard, 1992

Type and DescriptionCountry of OriginNumber in Inventory
Armored personnel carriers
V-150 Commando, wheeledUnited States1,100
Towed artillery
M-102 105mm howitzers-do-30
M-198 155mm howitzers-do-4
Recoilless rifles
M40A1 106mm-do-n.a.
Antitank guided weapons
TOW missiles-do-n.a.

n.a.--not available.

Source: Based on information from The Military Balance, 1992- 1993, London, 1992, 121.