BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Sudan


Chapter 1

Abbas, Mekka. The Sudan Question. London: Faber and
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Abdin, Hasan. Early Sudanese Nationalism, 1919-1925.
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Ajayi, J.F. Ade (ed.). General History of Africa, 6: Africa
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Albino, Oliver. The Sudan: A Southern Viewpoint. London:
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Alier, Abel. Southern Sudan: Too Many Agreements
     Dishonoured. Exeter, Devon, United Kingsom: Ithaca
     Press, 1990.

Allen, T. Full Circle?: An Overview of Sudan's "Southern
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Arkell, A.J. A History of the Sudan from the Earliest Times
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Arou, Mom K.N., and B. Yongo-Bure, North-South Relations in
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Asad, Talal. The Kababish Arabs: Power, Authority, and
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Barbour, K.M. "The Sudan since Independence," Journal of
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Barnett, Tony. The Gezira Scheme: An Illusion of
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Bates, D. The Fashoda Incident of 1898: Encounter on the
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Bechtold, Peter K. Politics in the Sudan: Parliamentary and
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Beshir, Mohamed Omer. Revolution and Nationalism in the
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------. The Southern Sudan: Background to Conflict. New
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------. The Southern Sudan: From Conflict to Peace. New
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Butt, Audrey. The Nilotes of the Sudan and Uganda.
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Collins, Robert O. King Leopold, England, and the Upper Nile,
     1899-1909. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968.

------. Land Beyond the Rivers: The Southern Sudan, 1898-
     1918. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.

------. Shadows in the Grass: Britain in the Southern Sudan,
     1918-1956. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983.

------. The Waters of the Nile: Hydropolitics and the Jonglei
     Canal, 1900-1988. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

Collins, Robert O., and Francis Mading Deng. The British in
     the Sudan, 1898-1956: The Sweetness and the Sorrow.
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Crawford, O.G.S. The Fung Kingdom of Sennar: With a
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Crowder, Michael (ed.). The Cambridge History of Afica, 8:
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Cunnison, Ian. Baggara Arabs: Power and the Lineage in a
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Daly, Martin W. British Administration and the Northern
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------. Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-
1934. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

------. Imperial Sudan: The Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, 1934-
     56. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 

------. Modernization in the Sudan: Essays in Honour of
     Richard Hill. New York: Lilian Barber Press, 1985.

De Medeires, F. "The Peoples of the Sudan: Populations." Pages
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Deng, Francis Mading. Tradition and Modernization: A
     Challenge for Law among the Dinka of the Sudan. (2d
     ed.) New Haven: Yale University Press, 1987.

Deng, Francis Mading, and Martin W. Daly. "Bonds of Silk":
     The Human Factor in the British Administration of
     Sudan. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press,
     1989.

Deng, William. The Problem of Southern Sudan. London:
     Oxford University Press, 1963.

Duncan, J.S.R. The Sudan's Path to Independence.
     Edinburgh: William Blackwood, 1957.

Eprile, Cecile. War and Peace in the Sudan, 1955-1972.
     London: David and Charles, 1974.

Evans-Pritchard, Edward E. The Azande: History and Political
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------. The Nuer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1940.

Ewald, Janet J. Soldiers, Traders, and Slaves: State
     Formation and Economic Transformation in the Greater Nile
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     Press, 1990.

Fabunmi, L.A. The Sudan in Anglo-Egyptian Relations, 1800-
     1956. London: Longman, 1960.

Fage, J.D. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Africa, 2: From c.
     500 B.C. to A.D. 1050. Cambridge: Cambridge University
     Press, 1978.

Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn. "Law in the Sudan: History and Trends
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     69-77.

Gray, Richard (ed.). The Cambridge History of Africa, 4: From
     c. 1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge University
     Press, 1975.

Gresh, Alain. "The Free Officers and the Comrades: The Sudanese
     Communist Party and Nimeiri Face-to-Face, 1969-1971,"
     International Journal of Middle East Studies, 21,
     1989, 393-409.

Gurdon, Charles. Sudan in Transition: A Political Risk
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Hale, Sondra. "Sudan Civil War: Religion, Colonialism, and the
     World System." Pages 157-84 in Suad Joseph and Barbara L.K.
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     Political, and Social Origins. Boulder, Colorado:
     Westview Press, 1978.

Hasan, Yusuf Fadl. "The Penetration of Islam in the Eastern
     Sudan." Pages 112-23 in I.M. Lewis (ed.), Islam in
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Henderson, Kenneth David Druitt. Sudan Republic. New
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Hill, Richard. Egypt in the Sudan, 1820-1881. London:
     Oxford University Press, 1959.

Holt, P.M. "Egypt, the Funj, and Darfur." Pages 14-57 in Richard
     Gray (ed.), The Cambridge History of Africa, 4: From c.
     1600 to c. 1790. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
     1975.

------. "Islamic Millenarianism and the Fulfillment of Prophecy:
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     Marjorie Reeves. Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom:
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------. The Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1881-1898: A Study of
     Its Origins, Development, and Overthrow. Oxford:
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------. "The Nilotic Sudan." Pages 327-44 in P.M. Holt, Ann K.S.
     Lambton, and Bernard Lewis (eds.), The Cambridge History
     of Islam, 2: The Further Islamic Lands, and Islamic Society
     and Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University
     Press, 1970.

Holt, P.M., and Martin W. Daly. A History of the Sudan: From
     the Coming of Islam to the Present Day. (4th ed.)
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Holt, P.M., Ann K.S. Lambton, and Bernard Lewis (eds.). The
     Cambridge History of Islam, 2: The Further Islamic Lands,
     and Islamic Society and Civilization. Cambridge:
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Hrbek, I. (ed.). General History of Africa, 3: Africa from
     the Seventh to the Eleventh Century. Berkeley:
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Ibrahim, H.A., and B.A. Ogot. "The Sudan in the Nineteenth
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     History of Africa, 6: Africa in the Nineteenth Century until
     the 1880s. Berkeley: University of California Press,
     1989.

Johnson, D.H. "Judicial Regulation and Administrative Control:
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Joseph, Suad, and Barbara L.K. Pillsbury (eds.). Muslim
     Christian Conflicts: Economic, Political, and Social
     Origins. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1978.

Khalid, Mansour. The Government They Deserve: The Role of the
     Elite in Sudan's Political Evolution. London: Kegan
     Paul, 1990.

------. Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May. London:
     Kegan Paul, 1985.

Khalid, Mansour (ed.). John Garang Speaks. London: Kegan
     Paul, 1987.

Kirwan, L.P. "A Contemporary Account of the Conversion of the
     Sudan to Christianity," Sudan Notes and Records
     [Khartoum], 20, No. 2, 1937, 289-95.

Kopietz, Hans-Heino, and Pamela Ann Smith. "Egypt, Libya and the
     Sudan." Pages 502-63 in Michael Crowder (ed.), The
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     1975. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 

Lapidus, Ira M. A History of Islamic Societies.
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Lees, Francis, and Hugh C. Brooks. The Economic and Political
     Development of the Sudan. Boulder, Colorado: Westview
     Press, 1977.

Lesch, Ann Mosely. "Confrontation in the Southern Sudan,"
     Middle East Journal, 40, No. 3, Summer 1986, 410-
     28.

Lewis, I.M. (ed.). Islam in Tropical Africa. (2d ed.)
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     with Indiana University Press, 1980.

Long, David E., and Bernard Reich (eds.). The Government and
     Politics of the Middle East and North Africa. Boulder,
     Colorado: Westview Press, 1980.

Mahdi, Mandour el. A Short History of the Sudan. London:
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Mahmoud, Mahgoub El-Tigani. "The Mahdist Correctional System in 
     the Sudan: Aspects of Ideology and Politics," Africa
     Today, 28, No. 2, 1981, 78-86.

Marlowe, John. A History of Egypt and Anglo-Egyptian
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Marsot, Afaf Lutfi S. Egypt in the Reign of Muhammad
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Mawut, L.L. Dinka Resistance to Condominium Rule, 1902-
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Mercer, Patricia. "Shilluk Trade and Politics from the Mid-
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Minear, Larry. Humanitarianism under Siege. Trenton, New
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Moorehead, Alan. The White Nile. New York: Harper and
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Niblock, Tim. Class and Power in Sudan: The Dynamics of
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     of New York Press, 1987.

O'Ballance, Edgar. The Secret War in the Sudan: 1955-
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O'Fahey, R.S. "Slavery and the Slave Trade in Dar Fur,"
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O'Fahey, R.S., and J.L. Spaulding. Kingdoms of the
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Paul, A. A History of the Beja Tribes of the Sudan.
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Rahim, Muddathir Abdel. Changing Patterns of Civilian-
     Military Relations in the Sudan. Uppsala, Sweden:
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------. The Development of British Policy in the Southern
     Sudan, 1899-1947. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press,
     1968.

------. Imperialism and Nationalism in the Sudan: A Study in
     Constitutional and Political Development, 1899-1956.
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Reich, Bernard. "Democratic Republic of the Sudan." Pages 339-57 
     in David E. Long and Bernard Reich (eds.), The
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     Journal of Modern African Studies [London], 28, No.
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Sanderson, Lilian Passmore. "Education in the Southern Sudan: The
     Impact of Government-Missionary-Southern Sudanese
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Shibeika, Mekki. British Policy in the Sudan, 1882-1902.
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------. The Independent Sudan. New York: Robert Speller,
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     Nimeiry," African Affairs [London], 78, No. 312,
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    (Various issues of the following publication were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Sudan Notes and
Records [Khartoum].)

Chapter 2

El Agraa, Omer, Adil M. Ahmad, Ian Haywood, and Osman M. El
     Kheir. Popular Settlements in Greater Khartoum.
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     Time?" Middle East Journal, 44, No. 4, Autumn 1990,
     579-95.

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     the Jonglei Canal, 1900-1988. Oxford: Clarendon Press,
     1990.

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------. The Dinka of the Sudan. New York: Holt,
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------. "War of Visions for the Nation," Middle East
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Farah, Abdel Aziz M., Osman el M. Nur, and Taj el A. Eawi (eds.).
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Wahab, A.A. "Rain Day Averages, 1921-1950," Sudan
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Wai, Dunstan M. The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan.
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Wai, Dunstan M. (ed.). The Southern Sudan: The Problem of
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Warburg, Gabriel R. "The Sharia in Sudan: Implementation and
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     No. 4, Autumn 1990, 624-37.

Waterbury, John. Hydropolitics and the Nile Valley.
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    (Various issues of the following publication were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Sudan Journal of
Population Studies [Khartoum], 1987-91.)

Chapter 3

Abd al Rahim, Muddathir, Raphael Badal, Adlan Hardallo, and Peter
     Woodward (eds.). Sudan since Independence: Studies of
     the Political Development since 1956. Brookfield,
     Vermont: Gower, 1986.

Africa South of the Sahara, 1992. (21st ed.) London:
     Europa, 1991.

Ahmed, Medani M. The Political Economy of Development in the
     Sudan. (African Seminar Series, No. 29.) Khartoum:
     Institute of African and Asian Studies, University of
     Khartoum, 1987.

Ali, Ali Abdel Gadir. Some Aspects of Productivity in
     Sudanese Traditional Agriculture: The Case of the Northern
     Province. Khartoum: Economic and Social Research
     Council, National Council for Research, 1977.

------. The Sudan Economy in Disarray: Essays on the
     Crisis. Khartoum: Ali Abdel Gadir Ali (distributed in
     the United Kingdom by Ithaca Press), 1985.

Bank of Sudan. Annual Report of the Bank of Sudan, 1989.
     Khartoum: 1989.

Barnett, Tony, and Abbas Abdelkarim. Sudan: The Gezira Scheme
     and Agricultural Transition. London: Frank Cass, 1991.

The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Middle East and North
     Africa. (Ed., Trevor Mostyn.) New York: Cambridge
     University Press, 1988.

Hassan, Ali Mohamed el (ed.). Essays on the Economy and
     Society of the Sudan. Khartoum: Economic and Social
     Research Council, National Council for Research, 1978.

Kameir, El Wathiq, and Ibrahim Kursany. Corruption as the
     `Fifth' Factor of Production in the Sudan. (Research
     Report No. 72.) Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavian Institute of
     African Studies, 1985.

Khalid, Mansour. The Government They Deserve: The Role of the
     Elite in Sudan's Political Evolution. London: Kegan
     Paul, 1990.

------. Nimeiri and the Revolution of Dis-May. London:
     Kegan Paul, 1985.

Mallet, Charles (ed.). Islamic Banking and Finance.
     (Occasional Series.) London: School of Oriental and African
     Studies, University of London, 1988.

The Middle East and North Africa, 1991. London: Europa,
     1990.

Mirakhour A., and Z. Iqbal. Islamic Banking. (Occasional
     Paper Series, No. 49.) Washington: International Monetary
     Fund, 1985.

Niblock, Tim. Class and Power in Sudan: The Dynamics of
     Sudanese Politics, 1898-1985. Albany: State University
     of New York Press, 1987.

Schacht, Joseph. An Introduction to Islamic Law. Oxford:
     Clarendon Press, 1964.

Shibly, Mekki el. Monetisation, Financial Intermediation, and
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     Khartoum: Development Studies and Research Centre, Faculty
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     1984.

Umbadda, Siddiq. Import Policy in Sudan, 1966-1976.
     Khartoum: Development Studies and Research Centre, Faculty
     of Economic and Social Studies, University of Khartoum,
     1984.

Van de Wel, Paul, and Abdel Ghaffar Mohamed Ahmed (eds.).
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     Papers from a Research Workshop in The Hague, July
     1984. (Organized by Joint Programme of Research and
     Teaching in Regional and Rural Development and Planning of
     Institute of Social Studies, The Hague and Development
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     Hague: Institute of Social Studies, 1986.

World Radio TV Handbook, 1991. (Ed., Andrew G. Sennitt.)
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    (Various issues of the following publications were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Economist Intelligence Unit,
Country Report: Sudan [London], 1989-91, Middle East
Economic Digest [London], and Sudan Journal of Economic
and Social Studies [Khartoum].)

Chapter 4

Africa Watch. Denying "the Honor of Living:" Sudan: A Human
     Rights Disaster. New York: Afica Watch, 1990.

Amnesty International. Report on the Human Rights Situation
     in Sudan. London: 1991.

Bechtold, Peter K. "More Turbulence in Sudan: A New Politics This
     Time?" Middle East Journal, 44, No. 4, Autumn 1990,
     579-95.

------. Politics in the Sudan since Independence. New
     York: Praeger, 1977.

------. "The Sudan since the Fall of Numayri." Pages 367-89 in
     Robert O. Freedman (ed.), The Middle East from the Iran-
     Contra Affair to the Intifada. Syracuse, New York:
     Syracuse University Press, 1991.

Benavides, Gustavo, and Martin W. Daly (eds.). Religion and
     Political Power. Albany: State University of New York
     Press, 1989.

Cudsi, Alexander. "Islam and Politics in the Sudan." Pages 36-55
     in James P. Piscatori (ed.), Islam in the Political
     Process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

Daly, Martin W. "Islam, Secularism, and Ethnic Identity in the
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     (eds.), Religion and Political Power. Albany: State
     University of New York Press, 1989.

Deng, Francis Mading. "War of Visions for the Nation," Middle
     East Journal, 44, No. 4, Autumn 1990, 596-609.

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    (Various issues of the following publications were also used
in the preparation of this chapter: Africa Confidential
[London]; Africa Report; African Defence
Journal [Paris]; Economist [London]; Economist
Intelligence Unit, Country Reports [London]; Joint
Publications Research Service, Near East and South Asia;
Keesing's Record of World Events [London]; Middle
East International [London]; Middle East Journal;
New African [London]; New York Times; and
Washington Post.)