Appendix A. Tables

Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors

When you kowMultiply byTo find
Millimeters0.04inches
Centimeters0.39inches
Meters3.3feet
Kilometers0.62miles
Hectares2.47acres
Square kilometers0.39square miles
Cubic meters35.3cubic feet
Liters0.26gallons
Kilograms2.2pounds
Metric tons0.98long tons
1.1short tons
2,204pounds
Degrees Celsius (Centigrade)1.8 and add 32degrees Fahrenheit

Table 2. Schools and Students, 1975, 1980, and 1985

197519801985
Schools
Primary6,7507,6898,747
Secondary1,0501,3301,707
Students
Primary
Male736,478854,5841,051,267
Female475,092626,912872,975
Total primary1,211,5701,481,4961,924,242
Secondary
Male85,19297,623122,912
Female34,81756,24188,182
Total secondary120,009153,864211,094
University
Male48,41070,03691,917
Female12,74624,73139,807
Total university61,15694,767131,224

Source: Based on information from Syria,Office of the Prime Minister, Central Bureau of Statistics, Syrian Statistical Yearbook, 1986, Damascus, 1986, pp. 339-445.

Table 3. Medical Personnel and Hospital Beds, 1975 and 1985

19751985
Physicians
Total2,4006,163
Persons per3,0651,666
Dentists
Total7651,975
Persons per9,6145,198
Pharmacists
Total1,2552,621
Persons per5,8613,917
Nurses, total1,2678,326
Midwives, total8772,201
Hospital Beds
Total7,47911,891
Persons per995863

Source: Based on information from Syria, Office of the Prime Minister, Central Bureau of Statistics, Syrian Statistical Yearbook, 1986, Damascus, 1986, pp. 450, 452.

Table 4. Gross Domestic Product at Market Prices by Sector, Selected Years, 1963-85

(in millions of Syrian pounds)1
Sector196319701980198 41985
Agriculture4,6903,84210,3699,56310,097
Industry2,0604,5378,3737,6227,997
Construction7529183,5744,5284,811
Trade3,9644,80212,69314,25913,750
Transportation and communications1,2731,7313,5554,6984,825
Finance and insurance1,0001,4203,2663,0293,035
Government1,3672,4168,48011,80611,371
Other services2583719601,2081.208
TOTAL15,36420,03751,27056,71357,094

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, StatisticalAbstract 1986, Damascus, 1986, pp. 624-625.

Table 5. Estimated Labor Force and Employment by Sector, 1970, 1975, and 1983

(in thousands)
Sector19701197521983
Agriculture, forestry and fishing748916662
Mining and quarrying91215
Manufacturing181211296
Electricity, gas and water71022
Construction107130325
Trade (including restaurants and hotels)139189219
Transportation, storage and communications6178134
Financial services91019
Community and personal services202238494
Not Stated54583
Total Employed1,4681,8392,172
Unemployed and seeking first job11513646
TOTAL LABOR FORCE1,5831,9752,269

1Based on full census.
2Estimated from sample survey.

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1977, Damascus, 1977, pp. 138-139; Central Bank of Syria, Quarterly Bulletin 1984, vol.22, no. 3-4 Damascus, 1984, p. 60; International Labour Oranization, Yearbook of Labour Statistics, Geneva, 1985, p. 90.

Table 6. Summary of Proposed Government Budget Receipts, 1983-1985

(in millions of Syrian pounds)1
198319841985
Tax Revenues
Business taxes2,8003,8004,300
Personal income taxes400450550
Real estate taxes230350400
Other direct taxes733915993
Indirect taxes5,0885,3774,164
Total Tax Revenue9,25110,89210,407
Nontax Revenues
Surpluses from public sector12,1709,11813,111
Investment Revenue2,5334,2984,100
Other nontax revenues and fees1,4364,4885,063
Total Nontax Revenues16,13917,90422,274
Domestic Loans7,6827,6827,682
Loans and Grants1,8661,7101,981
TOTAL37,25341,28942,984

1For value of the Syrian pound--see Glossary.
2Essentially foreign credits and grants to the degree they are included in the budget.

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bank of Syria, Quarterly Bulletin, vol. 22, no. 3-4, Damascus, 1984, p. 47; Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1985, Damascus, 1985, p. 477.

7. Summary of Proposed Budget Expenditures, 1983-85

(in millions of Syrian pounds)1
Ministry or Agency198319841985
Administrative, legislative and judicial6,6307,4817,030
National security11,17613,32513,778
Education and information3,2363,3513,756
Social welfare336419447
Economy and finance1,9892,4002,217
Agriculture and irrigation1,9363,2113,985
Industry and mining3,2703,3692,730
Transportation and public works7,3826,3127,142
Other2,3112,0491,900
TOTAL38,36341,28942,984
Development18,58117,85019,436
Current18,67223,43923,548

1For value of Syrian pound--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1985, Damascus, 1985, pp. 470-476; and Syria, Central Bank of Syria, Quarterly Bulletin, No. 3-4, Damascus, 1984, p. 46.

8. Land Use, Selected Years, 1970- 84

(in thousands of hectares)
Kind of Land1970197519801984
Forests468445466498
Steppe and Pasture15,4508,63118,3788,317
Uncultivable Land3,7733,4873,5203,534
Cultivable Land8,8275,95516,1546,169
Uncultivated2,918479470514
Cultivated5,9085,47615,6845,655
Fallow2,6101,77611,7911,920
Under crops3,2993,70023,8933,735
Irrigated451516539618
Nonirrigated2,8483,1843,3543,117
Specified Crops
Grains2,5022,7452,7012,457
Legumes229223172256
Cotton249208141179
Other industrial crops428610796
Vegetables115200284259
Fruit259351481546
TOTAL AREA18,51818,51818,51818,518

1Some land reclassified after 1974.
2Data as given although less than shown by kinds of crops.

Source: Based on Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract1977, Damascus, 1977; Statistical Abstract 1985, pp. 124, 132, 137, 141.

9. Production of Agricultural Products, 1981-84

(in thousands of tons
Products1981198219831 984
Wheat1,0871,5561,6121,068
Barley1,4066611,043303
Lentils61536136
Tomatoes723790831728
Potatoes311279315322
Sugar Beets5648601,1581,268
Onion175187159136
Cotton356422526451
Tobacco12141413
Olives208471152311
Grapes404423384400
Washed Wool12131413
Eggs*1,5461,6841,7271,804
Milk1,0971,1321,1611,003

*In millions.

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bank of Syria, Quarterly Bulletin, no. 3-4, Damascus, 1984, pp. 47-54.

Table 10. Crude Oil Production and Export, 1980- 1985

YearProduction (barrels per day)Value of Crude Exports (in millions of Syrian pounds*)Crude Oil Exports
19801665,23568.9
19811585,04463.1
19821664,08261.1
19831684,13151.3
19841613,60849.6
1985n.an.an.a.

n.a.-- Not available
*For value of Syrian pound--see Glossary.

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1986, Washington, p. 645; and Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Profile, Syria 1986, London, 1986, pp. 26-31.

11. Imports and Exports by Use, Selected Years, 1975-84

(in millions of Syrian pounds)1
1975198019821984
Imports2
Final consumption1,0733,4922,5863,246
For further processing3,31010,12910,75211,140
Investment goods1,7902,5442,4171,768
Total Imports6,17316,16515,75516,154
Exports
Raw materials3,0546,3235,1905,232
Products for further processing108259328429
Finished goods2791,6912,4361,614
Total Exports3,4418,2737,9547,275

1For value of the Syrian pound--see Glossary.
2Probably excludes items for defense.

Source: Based on information from Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1977, Damascus, 1977, pp. 338-39; Syria, Central Bureau of Statistics, Statistical Abstract 1985, Damascus, 1985, pp. 278-79.

12. Balances of Payments of 1980- 1985

(in millions of United States dollars
1980198119821983 1987
Goods and Services
Exports of Goods (FOR)2,1122,2302,0321,9281,859
Imports of Goods (FOO)-4,010-4,843-3,703-4,152-3,801
Services (Net)-145-62-405- 330-438
Private Transfers (Net)774582446461327
Government Grants (Net)1,5201,8191,3791,2781,201
Total Goods and Services251-251-251- 815-852
Long-Term Capital-2548-8309326
Short-Term Capital431531148310581
Balance of Capital Account406579140619907
Errors and Omissions-915-28520866-68
Counterpart items15-64-190- 15---
Changes in resources243459314613

Source: Based on information from International Monetary Fund, InternationalFinancial Statistics Yearbook 1986, Washington, 1986, p. 645.

Table 13. Major Army Equipment, 1986

TypeDesignationQuantity
Ground Forces
Tanks
High QualityT-72, Improved T- 721,000
T-621,000
Tanks Medium QualityT-552,100
Armored personnel carriersBMP- 11,500
Armored Reconnaisance vehiclesBTR- 152/BTR-40,50,60/OT-64/BRDM-2 TOTAL: 2,000
Artillery
Guns and heavy mortars180mm S-23 gun/152mm M-1973 howitzer/152mm M-1943 howitzer/130mm M-46 gun/122mm M-1974 howitzer/122mm D-30 howitzer/240mm mortar/160mm mortarTOTAL: 1,200
Antitank weaponsSagger/Spigot/HOT, MILANTOTAL: 2,000
Surface-to-surface missiles and rocketsFROG-723
SS-1(Scud B)18
SS-2112
Anti-aircraft short-range missiles SA-14,-13,-9,-711
Anti-aircraft short- range gunsZSU 57x2SP;57mm;37mm;ZSU 23x4;SP;ZU 23x2TOTAL: 1,000
Air Defense Command
Surface-to-air long-range missiles (batteries)SA-2,-363
SA-53
SA-8n.a.
SA-11n.a.
Interceptor aircraftMiG-25,- 25R50
MiG-21MF,S,U310
Radar Long Track

n.a.--Not available

Source: Based on information from Mark Heller, Aharon Levran, and Ze'ev Eytan, The Middle East Military Balance, 1985, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986; The International Institute for Strategic Studies, TheMilitary Balance, 1986-1987, London: 1986.

Table 14. Major Navy Equipment 1986

TypeDesignationQuantity
FrigatesPetya-1 class2
Fast patrols boats with Styx surface-to-surface missilesKomar class6
Ossa I class6
Ossa II class8
Mine warfare vesselsT-43 class minesweeper1
Vanya class minesweeper2
SubmarinesSoviet F class (on order)2-3
GunboatsP-4 class MTB8
Patrol craftCH class 130.9 ft.3
Zhuk3
Nanuchka missile corvettes (on order)4
Advanced armamentSS-N2 Styx SSMn.a.
Coastal defenseSepal ground-to-sea missilen.a.

n.a.--Not available

Source: Based on information from Mark Heller, Aharon Levran, and Ze'ev Eytan, The Middle East Military Balance, 1985, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, TheMilitary Balance, 1986-1987, London: 1986.

Table 15. Major Air Force Equipment, 1986

TypeDesignationQuantity
Fighterground attack MiG- 23SS,U
MiG-27
Su-20TOTAL: 190
MiG-17
Su-7BTOTAL: 100
InterceptorsMiG-25,-25R50
MiG-21MF,S,U310
TransportsAn-24/26 (Coke/Curl)
IL-14 (Crate)
IL-18 (Coot)
IL-76 (unconfirmed)
Mystere Falcon 20
Yak-40 (Codling)TOTAL: 32
TrainersL-29 Delfin60
L-39 Albatross40
Piper Navajo2
SIAT/CASA/MBB 223/Flamingo48
Yak-11 (Moose)n.a.
Yak-18 (Max)n.a.
Attack helicoptersMi-24,Mi-25 (Hind)45
SA-342 Gazelle45
Medium transport helicoptersMi-8 (Hip)110
Mi-4 (Hound)10
Mi-2 (Hoplite)10
ASW helicoptersKamov Ka-25 (Hormone)5
Mi-14 (Haze)10

n.a.--Not available

Source: Based on information from Mark Heller, Aharon Levran, and Ze'ev Eytan, The Middle East Military Balance, 1985, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1986, The International Institute for Strategic Studies, TheMilitary Balance, 1986-1987, London: 1986

Table 16. Budgeted Defense Expenditures, 1981-85

(In United States Dollars)
YearTotal Expenditures (in millions) Expenditures per capitaPercentage of Syrian GNP*Percentage of Middle East GNPPercent of Government Expenditures
19812.31128413.912.837.7
19822.73030315.014.134.5
19834.04441321.315.641.0
19844.25540522.415.641.7
19854.15736921.112.342.0

Source: Based on information from United States. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers, 1986, Washington, GPO, 1987, 95.