CZECHOSLOVAKIA - A Country Study

Country Listing

• CZECHOSLOVAKIA
• Foreword
• Acknowledgments
• Preface
• Country Profile
  • COUNTRY
  • GEOGRAPHY
  • SOCIETY
  • ECONOMY
  • TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
  • GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
  • NATIONAL SECURITY
• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Historical Setting
  • EARLY HISTORY
    • First Political Units
    • Magyar Invasion
    • Bohemian Kingdom
      • Foundation
      • Growth
      • Golden Age
    • Hussite Movement
  • HAPSBURG RULE, 1526-1867
    • The Hapsburgs and the Czechoslovak Lands
    • Hapsburg Absolutism and the Bohemian Estates
      • Initial Clash
      • Decisive Battle
      • Consequences of Czech Defeat
    • Enlightened Absolutism
    • National Revival
    • Revolutions of 1848
  • THE DUAL MONARCHY, 1867-1918
    • Formation of the Dual System
    • Austria and the Czechs
    • Hungary and the Slovaks
    • The Czechoslovak Idea
    • World War I
    • The Emergence of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Carpatho- Ukraine)
  • THE CZECHOSLOVAK REPUBLIC, 1918-39
    • Features of the New State
    • Czechoslovak Democracy
      • The Constitution of 1920
      • Political Parties
    • Problem of Dissatisfied Nationalities
      • Slovak Autonomy
      • Conflict in Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Carpatho-Ukraine)
      • Sudetenland
    • Benes's Foreign Policy
    • Munich
    • Second Republic, 1938-39
  • THE WAR YEARS, 1939-45
    • Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
    • Government-in-Exile
    • Czech Resistance
    • Slovak Republic
    • Slovak Resistance
    • Soviet Annexation of Carpatho-Ukraine (Subcarpathian Ruthenia)
    • Minorities and Population Transfers
  • COMMUNIST CZECHOSLOVAKIA
    • Third Republic and the Communist Takeover
    • Stalinization
    • The Reform Movement
    • The Prague Spring, 1968
    • Intervention
    • Normalization
    • Preserving the Status Quo
    • Dissent and Independent Activity
• Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENT
    • Topography and Drainage
      • Bohemia
      • Moravia
      • Slovakia
    • Climate
  • DEMOGRAPHY
    • Population
    • Urbanization and Migration
    • Housing
    • Emigration
  • ETHNIC GROUPS
    • Czechs
    • Slovaks
    • Others
  • LANGUAGE
  • SOCIAL GROUPS
    • Workers
    • Agricultural Workers
    • Intelligentsia
      • Writers and Artists
    • Associations
    • The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
    • Trade Unions
    • Youth Organizations
    • The Family
  • RELIGION
  • HEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARE
  • EDUCATION
• Chapter 3. The Economy
  • RESOURCE BASE
  • LABOR FORCE
  • ECONOMIC STRUCTURE AND ITS CONTROL MECHANISMS
  • ECONOMIC POLICY AND PERFORMANCE
    • Mining and Energy
    • Industry
    • Agriculture
    • Transportation
  • BANKING AND FINANCE
  • FOREIGN TRADE
  • THE EIGHTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 1986-90
• Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • POLITICAL SETTING
    • Geopolitical Considerations
    • Ethnic Considerations
    • The 1968 Invasion
    • The Policy of Normalization
    • A Climate of Orthodoxy
  • THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA
    • National Organization
    • Lower-Level Organization
    • Membership and Training
    • Auxiliary Parties, Mass Oganizations, and Mass Media
  • CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
  • GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE
    • The Legislature
    • The Executive Branch
    • The Judiciary
    • Republic and Lower Administrative Levels
  • ELECTORAL SYSTEM
  • POPULAR POLITICAL EXPRESSION
    • Reaction to Normalization
    • Charter 77
    • Religious Activists
  • FOREIGN RELATIONS
    • Policy Making and Administration
    • Relations with Communist Nations
    • Relations with Noncommunist Nations and Multilateral Ties
• Chapter 5. National Security
  • ARMED FORCES: HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL SETTING
    • Historical Background and Traditions
      • To 1918
      • The Establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic
      • Munich and After
      • The Communists Take Over
      • The Fraternal Invasion
      • "Normalization"
    • Government and Party Control
    • Soviet Influence
      • Loyalties
      • Soviet Central Group of Forces in Czechoslovakia
    • External Threats to National Security
  • ARMED FORCES
    • Ground Forces
    • Air Force
    • Manpower
    • Education and Training
      • Conscript Training
      • Specialized and Officer Training
      • Premilitary Training
      • Paramilitary Training
    • Uniforms and Rank Insignia
  • INTERNAL SECURITY AND PUBLIC ORDER
    • The National Security Corps
    • People's Militia
    • Border Guard
  • CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
    • Incidence of Crime
      • General Crime
      • Drinking and Drugs
    • Penal Code
    • Criminal Procedure Code
    • Penal System
    • Police Repression
• Appendices
  • Appendix B. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
  • Appendix C. The Warsaw Pact
  • Appendix D. Manifesto of Chapter 77
• Bibliography
• Glossary